Real-Time Pricing (RTP) is proposed as an effective Demand-Side Management (DSM) to adjust the load curve in order to achieve the peak load shifting. At the same time, the RTP mechanism can also raise the revenue of the supply-side and reduce the electricity expenses of consumers to achieve a win-win situation. In this paper, a real-time pricing algorithm based on price elasticity theory is proposed to analyze the energy consumption and the response of the consumers in smart grid structure. We consider a smart grid equipped with smart meters and two-way communication system. By using real data to simulate the proposed model, some characteristics of RTP are summarized as follows: 1) Under the condition of the real data, the adjustment of load curve and reducing the expenses of consumers is obviously. But the profit of power supplier is difficult to ensure. If we balance the profits of both sides, the supplier and consumers, the profits of both sides and the adjustment of load curve will be relatively limited. 2) If assuming the response degree of consumers to real-time prices is high enough, the RTP mechanism can achieve the expected effect. 3, If the cost of supply-side (day-ahead price) fluctuates dramatically, the profits of both sides can be ensured to achieve the expected effect.

Micro-grid smooth switchover between different operation modes is important for steady operation and reliable power supply of micro-grid. In order to reduce the transient fluctuation of voltage and frequency during switchover, this paper proposed a new switchover method based on controller state following. When transferring to island mode, the control method for inverter of storage device changed from PQ control to V/f control. Before switchover, the output of V/f controller is always following the output of PQ controller. So that the sudden change of output is avoided at the moment of switchover. A micro-grid model with photovoltaic and battery is built on DIgSILENT Power Factory simulation software, to simulate micro-grid switchover from grid-connected mode to island mode. Results show this method can effectively suppress the transient fluctuation of voltage and frequency, and reduce the influence of transient process on power grid. This conclusion has important practical significance on micro-grid smooth switchover from grid-con- nected mode to island mode.