We report a nematode electrotactic-response valve (NERV) to control the locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in microfluidic devices. This nonmechanical, unidirectional valve is based on creating a confined region of lateral electric field that is switchable and reversible. We observed that C. elegans do not prefer to pass through this region if the field lines are incident to its forward movement. Upon reaching the boundary of the NERV, the incident worms partially penetrate the fi...

Animal Behavior  Zoology  Mathematical Biology  Veterinary Medicine  Cell Biology  Parasitology  Developmental Biology  Evolutionary Studies  Bioengineering  Bioinformatics  Environmental Sciences  Biophysics 

Doi:10.1063/1.3570629

We describe a planar MEMS silicon structure to record ion channel currents in biological cells. The conventional method of performing an electrophysiological experiment, 'patch-clamping', employs a glass micropipette. The micropipette tip is a source of thermal noise because of its inherent, tapered, conical structure, giving rise to a large pipette resistance. This pipette resistance, when coupled with the biological cell capacitance, limits the available bandwidth of single ion channel recordi...

Taxonomy  Microbiology  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Bioinformatics  Environmental Sciences  Agricultural Science  Computational Biology  Genetics  Cell Biology  Food Science & Technology  Parasitology  Synthetic Biology 

Doi:10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.072

Infections from parasitic nematodes (or roundworms) contribute to a significant disease burden and productivity losses for humans and livestock. The limited number of anthelmintics (or antinematode drugs) available today to treat these infections are rapidly losing their efficacy as multidrug resistance in parasites becomes a global health challenge. We propose an engineering approach to discover an anthelmintic drug combination that is more potent at killing wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans wor...

Neuroscience  Marine Biology  Toxicology  Taxonomy  Microbiology  Ecosystem Science  Biodiversity  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Animal Behavior  Agricultural Science  Biotechnology  Computational Biology  Food Science & Technology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Synthetic Biology 

Doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao1254

In this paper, we explore the use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (？PADs) to study the behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. We show how these devices can be fabricated on paper and plastic substrates, as well as how to load, visualize, and transfer single and multiple nematodes. We also demonstrate the use of anthelmintic drug, levamisole, to perform chemical testing on C. elegans. Furthermore, we provide a custom program that is able to recognize individual worms on the ？PADs in r...

Animal Behavior  Computational Biology  Microbiology  Cell Biology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Soil Science  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Biophysics 

Doi:10.1063/1.5005829

All life forms use a seamless integration of physical and chemical sensing mechanisms to enhance their performance and survival skills. To mimic the integrative sensing abilities found in nature, there is a significant interest in developing wearable devices that can smartly track the physiological and biochemical signals of the human body. Progress in wearable physical sensors has been remarkable giving rise to a number of consumer electronics products meant to measure parameters related to act...

Electric Engineering  Green Chemistry  Electrochemistry  Biological Chemistry  Mathematical Biology  Biochemistry  Bioengineering  Bioinformatics  Fundamentals of Material Science  Biophysics  Environmental Sciences  Functional Materials  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genomics  Computational Biology  Plant Science  Synthetic Biology  Materials Engineering  Analytical Chemistry 

Doi:10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.020

The current study was carried out to investigate the impact of solid waste dumping sites on ground water quality in Jhang city, Pakistan. In order to investigate the solid waste disposal effects on ground water quality, the study area has been divided into two parts i.e solid waste sites and controlled area. Ground water is the major source of drinking water in study area. Therefore, water samples have been collected near and surrounding the municipal solid waste dumping sites and analyzed for v...

Agricultural Science  Genetics  Environmental Sciences 

Doi:-

Sulfur compounds such as sulfur oxides (SOx) are generated and emitted from operations in the petroleum industry which have negative effects on the environment. This study gives a critical and detailed introduction to the control and treatment of sulfur compounds specially sulfur oxides (SOx) emissions from the petroleum industry. It begins with the sectors, main sources, and type of operations that generate SOx emissions; maximum effluent level of them from the petroleum industry; minimization,...

Environmental Chemistry  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences 

The deleterious impacts of dumpsite activities and the associated risk on both the environment and human is consequential, hence this study assessed groundwater vulnerability to pollution from dumpsite using a modified DRASTIC model. Six hydrogeological factors: D- Depth to water, R- Net Recharge, A- Aquifer media, L- Distance of well to dumpsite, T- Topography, and C- Clay content were used in the modification (DRALTC) based on peculiarity of the study area. Cluster analysis of groundwater...

Environmental Chemistry  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences 

Mathematical model was developed to monitor and predict the influence of restrictor or the characteristics of the functional parameters of the transfer function for pneumatic control system. The force acting from bellow is directly proportional to the effective cross-sectional area of the base which yielded extension of the bellow in both horizontal and vertical as well as its extension rate is dependent on the influence of the restrictor. The pneumatic controller represents the main force contr...

Environmental Chemistry  Theoretical Chemistry  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences 

Traditionally, carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has been considered an inefficient method for enhancing oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. Obviously, it would be useful to experimentally investigate the efficiency of waterflooding naturally fractured reservoirs followed by carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. This issue was investigated by performing water imbibition followed by CO2 gravity drainage experiments on artificially fractured cores at reservoir conditions. The experiments were...

Environmental Chemistry  Theoretical Chemistry  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences