Objectives: Parental meta-emotion
philosophy (PMEP) is the concept thatparents have
thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about their own emotions and their children’s
emotions. Since the introduction of this concept in 1996, many research
studies have linked PMEP with children’s psychosocial development. In 2012, a literature review was conducted of PMEP
research published from 1996-2012 and
a theoretical framework based on the findingsfrom the review was proposed. The purpose of this article is to continue the review of PMEP literature by providing an
explanation of the theoreticalfoundations
of PMEP and examine the past decade of research and the impact of that
research on our understanding of PMEP and child socialization. Methods: The researcher applied a narrative literature review
methodology to examine PMEP literature published from 2012-2023. Utilizing the Columbia College online library database, GoogleScholar, and Academia,
the researcher found a total of 9 empirical articles about PMEP that
were published in the last decade. Results: The results of this recent review further validated the theoretical framework presented in 2012,
which claims that child emotional competence acts as a mediator between PMEP
and child outcomes (child psychosocial adjustment and child peer
relationships). Recent studies found that PMEP can act as a moderating variable
(or protective factor) between challenging
family circumstances (such as family stress or increasedmaternal symptomatology) and child
References
[1]
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current Pattern of Parental Authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4, 1-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
[2]
Cohodes, E., Chen, S., & Liberman, A. (2017). Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy Moderates Effect of Maternal Symptomology on Preschoolers Exposed to Domestic Violence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 1831-1843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0699-3
[3]
Cohodes, E., Hagan, M., Lieberman, A., & Hernandez Dimmler, M. (2016). Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Cognitive Functioning in Children Exposed to Violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 9, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-015-0072-x
[4]
Cunningham, J., Kliewer, W., & Garner, P. (2009). Emotion Socialization, Child Emotion Understanding and Regulation, and Adjustment in Urban African American Families: Differential Associations across Child Gender. Developmental Psychopathology, 21, 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000157
[5]
Daga, S. S., Raval, V. V., & Raj, S. P. (2015). Maternal Meta-Emotion and Child Socioemotional Functioning in Immigrant Indian and White American Families. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000014
[6]
De Stasio, S., Fiorilli, C., & Di Chiacchio, C. (2014), Effects of Verbal Ability and Fluid Intelligence on Children’s Emotion Understanding. International Journal Psychology, 49, 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12032
[7]
Delaney-Black, V., Covington, C., Ondersma, S. J., Nodrstrom-Klee, B., Templin T., Ager, & Sokol, R. J. (2002). Violence Exposure, Trauma, and IQ and/or Reading Deficits among Urban Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 280-285. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.3.280
[8]
Denham, S. A., & Auerbach, S. (1995). Mother-Child Dialogue about Emotions and Preschoolers’ Emotional Competence. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 121, 313-338.
[9]
Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental Contributions to Preschoolers’ Emotional Competence: Direct and Indirect Effects. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024426431247
[10]
Edrissi, F., Havighurst, S. S., Aghebati, A., Habibi, M., & Arani, A. M. (2019). A Pilot Study of the Tuning in to Kids Parenting Program in Iran for Reducing Preschool Children’s Anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1695-1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01400-0
[11]
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental Socialization of Emotion. Psychology Inquiry, 9, 241-273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1
[12]
Fivush, R. (2007). Maternal Reminiscing Style and Children’s Developing Understanding of Self and Emotion. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-006-0065-1
[13]
Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and the Emotional Life of Families: Theoretical Models and Preliminary Data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.243
[14]
Gottman, J., Declaire, J., & Goleman, D. (1998). The Heart of Parenting: Raising an Emotionally Intelligent Child. Bloomsbury.
[15]
Grusec, J. E. (1997). A History of Research on Parenting Strategies and Children’s Internalization of Values. In J. E. Grusec, & L Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and Children’s Internalization of Values: A Handbook of Contemporary Theory (pp. 3-22). Wiley.
[16]
Halberstadt, A. G. (1991). Socialization of Expressiveness: Family Influences in Particular a Model in General. In R. S. Feldman, & S. Rime (Eds.), Fundamentals of Emotional Expressiveness (pp. 106-162). Cambridge University Press.
[17]
Halberstadt, A. G., Dunsmore, J. C., & Denham, S. A. (2001). Spinning the Pinwheel: More Thoughts of Affective Social Competence. Social Development, 10, 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00153
[18]
Katz, L. F., & Gottman, J. M. (1996). Spillover Effects of Marital Conflict: In Search of Parenting and Coparenting Mechanisms. New Directions for Child Development, 74, 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219967406
[19]
Katz, L. F., & Gottman, J. M. (1997). Buffering Children from Marital Conflict and Dissolution. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2602_4
[20]
Katz, L. F., & Hunter, E. (2007). Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Adolescent Depressive Symptomatology. Social Development, 16, 343-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00388.x
[21]
Katz, L. F., Maliken, A. C., & Stettler, N. M. (2012). Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy: A Review of Research and Theoretical Framework. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00244.x
[22]
Katz, L., & Windecker-Nelson, B. (2004). Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy in Families with Conduct-Problem Children: Links with Peer Relations. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000030292.36168.30
[23]
Koenen, K., Moffit, T., Caspi, A., Taylor, A., & Purcell S. (2003). Domestic Violence Is Associated with Environmental Suppression of IQ in Young Children. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579403000166
[24]
Lobo, F. M., Lunkenheimer, E., Lucas-Thompson, R., & Seiter, N. S. (2021). Parental Emotion Coaching Moderates the Effects of Family Stress on Internalizing Symptoms in Middle Childhood and Adolescence. Social Development, 30, 1023-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12519
[25]
Lunkenheimer, E. S., Shields, A. M., & Cortina K. S. (2007). Parental Emotion Coaching and Dismissing in Family Interaction. Social Development, 16, 232-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00382.x
[26]
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What Is Emotional Intelligence? In P. Salovey, & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence (pp. 3-32). Basic Books.
[27]
Merchant, E. K., Borders, L. D., & Henson, R. A. (2019). Attachment, Parental Meta-Emotion, and Emotion Regulation in Adoptive Mother-Child Dyads. The Family Journal, 27, 387-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480719871973
[28]
Pezeshki, P., Vand, H. D. A, Aslzaker, M., & Jafari, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Emotion Coaching Parenting Program in Iranian Preschool Children with Internalizing Disorders. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 8, 203-215. https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.8.3.676.2
[29]
Ramsden, S. R., & Hubbard, J. A. (2002). Family Expressiveness and Parental Emotion Coaching: Their Role in Children’s ER and Aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 657-667. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020819915881
[30]
Saarni, C. (1999). The Development of Emotional Competence. Guilford.
[31]
Shao, R., Sitong, Lieu, Coplan, R., Chen, X., & Liu, J. (2023). Examining a Complex Model Linking Maternal Reflective Functioning, Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophies, and Child Emotion Regulation. Children, 10, Article 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071161
[32]
Shortt, J. W., Stoolmiller, M., Smith-Shine, J. N., Eddy, J. M., & Sheeber, L. (2010). Maternal Emotion Coaching, Adolescent Anger Regulation, and Siblings’ Externalizing Symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 799-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02207.x
[33]
Spence, S. H., Rapee, R., McDonald, C., & Ingram, M. (2001). The Structure of Anxiety Symptoms among Preschoolers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1293-1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00098-X
[34]
Ybarra, G., Wilkens, S., & Lieberman, A. (2007). The Influence of Domestic Violence on Preschooler Behavior and Functioning. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-006-9054-y