This study presents an overview on
solid waste that can be used as a source of bioenergy in Misrata including
municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial solid waste (ISW), and healthcare solid
waste (HSW) as biomass sources. The management of solid waste and valorization
is based on an understanding of MSW’s and HSW’s composition and physicochemical
characteristics. Of MSW’s,the results show that organic matter represents 59% of waste, followed by
paper-cardboard 12%, miscellaneous 10%, plastic 8%, metals 7% and glass 4%.While HSW comprised of 72% general healthcare
waste (non-risk) and 28% hazardous waste. The average general waste
composition was: 38% organic, 24% plastics, and 20% paper. The potential of
hydrogen energy produced from biogas in Misrata including MSW, and other
organic feedstock such as food and kitchen waste, animal wastes, clover and
reeds, wheat residues, barley residues, HSW and sewage waste as biomass
sources. The total potential hydrogen output is estimated to be around 10,265
tons per year.
References
[1]
Hamad, T.A., Agll, A.A., Hamad, Y.M., Bapat, S., Thomas, M., Martin, K.B., et al. (2014) Study of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Combined Heat, Hydrogen and Power System. Energy, 75, 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.020
[2]
Hamad, T.A., Agll, A.A., Hamad, Y.M., Bapat, S., Thomas, M., Martin, K.B., et al. (2013) Study of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Combined Heat, Hydrogen and Power System: End-Use Application. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 1, 45-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2013.09.001
[3]
Wang, C., Dong, Y., Cheng, H., He, Y., Ye, J. and Zhou, H. (2013) Physicochemical Properties of Lacquer Berries and Decolorization of Lacquer Wax by Physical Adsorption and UV Irradiation. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 3, 329-337.
https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2013.33037
[4]
Hamad, T.A., Agll, A.A., Hamad, Y.M., Bapat, S., Thomas, M., Martin, K.B., et al. (2014) Hydrogen Production and End-Uses from Combined Heat, Hydrogen and Power System by Using Local Resources. Renewable Energy, 71, 381-386.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.054
[5]
Vera, D., Jurado, F., De Mena, B. and Schories, G. (2011) Comparison between Externally Fired Gas Turbine and Gasifier-Gas Turbine System for the Olive Oil Industry. Energy, 36, 6720-6730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.10.036
[6]
Hamad, T.A., Agll, A.A., Hamad, Y.M., Bapat, S., Thomas, M., Martin, K.B., et al. (2014) Study of Combined Heat, Hydrogen and Power System Based on a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Fed by Biogas Produced by Anaerobic Digestion. Energy Conversion and Management, 81, 184-191.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.036
[7]
Benali, M., Hamad, T., Belkhair, A. and Hamad, Y. (2019) Investigating the Use of Combined Hydrogen, Heat and Power System for Omar AL-Mukhtar University Campus. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 9, 31-44.
https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2019.91003
[8]
Demirbas, A. (2008) Importance of Biomass Energy Sources for Turkey. Energy Policy, 36, 834-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.11.005
[9]
Hamad, T.A., Agll, A.A., Hamad, Y.M. and Sheffield, J.W. (2014) Solid Waste as Renewable Source of Energy: Current and Future Possibility in Libya. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 4, 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2014.09.004
[10]
Odlare, M., Arthurson, V., Pell, M., Svensson, K., Nehrenheim, E. and Abubaker, J. (2011) Land Application of Organic Waste—Effects on the Soil Ecosystem. Applied Energy, 88, 2210-2218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.043
[11]
Yu, M., Muy, S., Quader, F., Bonifacio, A., Varghese, R., Clerigo, E., et al. (2013) Combined Hydrogen, Heat and Power (CHHP) Pilot Plant Design. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 488-4888.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.006
[12]
Bouckaert, S., Assoumou, E., Selosse, S. and Maïzi, N. (2014) A Prospective Analysis of Waste Heat Management at Power Plants and Water Conservation Issues Using a Global TIMES Model. Energy, 68, 80-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.008