熔体静电纺丝中电极材质和形状对电场和纤维的影响

电场强度大小及分布对静电纺丝工艺的成纤形貌和接收面积具有重要影响。采用COMSOL Multiphysics分析软件建立电场分析的有限元模型，分别研究了熔体静电纺丝工艺中接收电极材质和形状对电场分布的影响，结果表明塑料在一定程度上削弱了电场强度，但是增加了电场的均匀度。通过扫描电子显微镜观测了接收电极材质和形状对纤维直径和形貌的影响，发现在不同的接收电极形状中，中空电极内环边缘电荷聚集，纤维摆动路径延长，获得较多的羊毛圈状纤维；对于方格状电极板，由于大方格的孔隙较大，削弱了电场，纤维直径较粗，中方格尺寸相对适中，可能对电场有一定的均化作用，因此降落到中方格电极板上的纤维沉积面积最大。
Abstract：The intensity and distribution of the electric field have an important influence on the fiber morphology and the deposition area in an electrospinning process. COMSOL Multiphysics analysis software has been used to model the effect of varying the material of the receiving electrode in the melt electrospinning process and a finite element analysis model of the electric field, used to study the effect of varying the shape of the receiving electrode on the electric field distribution at different electric field strengths. It was found that the use of a plastic receiving electrode rather than metal decreased the electric field strength to some extent, but increased its uniformity. The influence of varying the material and shape of the receiving electrode on the diameter and morphology of the fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that by varying the receiving electrode shape, the charges on the edges of the inner hollow electrode could be aggregated and the fiber wobble path prolonged, which afforded more wool-like fibers. In the case of a grid-shaped electrode plate, due to the grid of large pores, the electric field decreased, and the fiber diameter became thicker. Using a medium sized receiving electrode resulted in some homogenization of the electric field, resulting in the fiber deposition area being the largest in this case.