Female
genital mutilation (FGM) is partial or total excision of female external
genitalia or other deliberate injury to the female genital organs for
non-therapeutic purpose. It is cultural and traditional practice. Female
genital mutilation may result in immediate complications such as severe pain
and bleeding and long-term complications such as: psychological, psychosexual,
trauma, infertility, urinary and genital complications.
United Nations Children’s Fund (2013) Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change. UNICEF, New York.
United Nations Children’s Fund (2016) Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern. UNICEF, New York.
http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGMC_2016_brochure_final_UNICEF_SPREAD.pdf
Fazari, A.B., Berg, R.C., Mohammed, W.A., Gailii, E.B. and Elmusharaf, K. (2013) Reconstructive Surgery for Female Genital Mutilation Starts Sexual Functioning in Sudanese Woman: A Case Report. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 2861-2865.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12286
Obi, A. and Onoh, R. (2012) Urinary and Genital Tract Obstruction as a Complication of Female Genital Mutilation. Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report, 4, 64-66. https://doi.org/10.4103/2006-8808.100360
Berg, R.C., Underland, V., Odgaard-Jensen, J., Fretheim, A. and Vist, G.E. (2014) Effects of Female Genital Cutting on Physical Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMJ Open, 4, e006316.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006316
Collinet, P., Sabban, F., Lucot, J.P., Boukerrou, M., Stien, L. and Lerroy, J.L. (2004) Management of Type III Female Genital Mutilation. Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction (Paris), 33, 720-724.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2315(04)96633-1
