Female
genital mutilation (FGM) is partial or total excision of female external
genitalia or other deliberate injury to the female genital organs for
non-therapeutic purpose. It is cultural and traditional practice. Female
genital mutilation may result in immediate complications such as severe pain
and bleeding and long-term complications such as: psychological, psychosexual,
trauma, infertility, urinary and genital complications.
References
[1]
United Nations Children’s Fund (2013) Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change. UNICEF, New York.
[2]
World Health Organization (2008) Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement—OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO.
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/fgm/9789241596442/en/
[3]
United Nations Children’s Fund (2016) Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern. UNICEF, New York.
http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGMC_2016_brochure_final_UNICEF_SPREAD.pdf
[4]
Fazari, A.B., Berg, R.C., Mohammed, W.A., Gailii, E.B. and Elmusharaf, K. (2013) Reconstructive Surgery for Female Genital Mutilation Starts Sexual Functioning in Sudanese Woman: A Case Report. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 2861-2865.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12286
[5]
Obi, A. and Onoh, R. (2012) Urinary and Genital Tract Obstruction as a Complication of Female Genital Mutilation. Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report, 4, 64-66. https://doi.org/10.4103/2006-8808.100360
[6]
WHO (2008) Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement. WHO, Geneva.
[7]
Berg, R.C., Underland, V., Odgaard-Jensen, J., Fretheim, A. and Vist, G.E. (2014) Effects of Female Genital Cutting on Physical Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMJ Open, 4, e006316.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006316
[8]
Collinet, P., Sabban, F., Lucot, J.P., Boukerrou, M., Stien, L. and Lerroy, J.L. (2004) Management of Type III Female Genital Mutilation. Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction (Paris), 33, 720-724.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2315(04)96633-1
