Purification of biomass ethanol from the products of brown sugar yeast-fermentation produces a large amount of residue. This fermentation residue contains abundant brown sugar-derived nutrients and is mainly used as compost or livestock feed. However, the in vivo physiological effects of oral residue ingestion are not known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the physiological action and molecular mechanism of fermented brown sugar residue in nematode stress tolerance, aging, and lifespan using Caenorhabditis elegans. Fermented brown sugar residue was divided into two layers, supernatant and precipitate, and each was given to nematodes. Analysis of motility and survival rate under thermal stress revealed reduced mobility and increased survival rate following treatment with fermented brown sugar residue. The survival rate of nematodes under 1% H2O2 was markedly increased by the residue and mitochondrial membrane depolarization was induced and mitochondrial radical oxygen species levels increased. Furthermore, aging dependent reduction of motility was suppressed, and the average life span of nematodes was extended by treatment with fermented brown sugar residue. Moreover, the effects of fermented brown sugar residue on stress tolerance, lifespan elongation, and decreased aging dependent momentum reduction were lost in the daf-16 mutant. Taken together, our results show that the various physiological actions of fermented brown sugar residue, including stress tolerance and lifespan extension, occur via DAF-16.
References
[1]
Nagao, F., Nakayama, M., Muto, T. and Okumura, K. (2000) Effects of a Fermented Milk Drink Containing Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota on the Immune System in Healthy Human Subjects. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 64, 2706-2708. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.2706
[2]
Iwai, K., Nakaya, N., Kawasaki, Y. and Matsue, H. (2002) Inhibitory Effect of Natto, a Kind of Fermented Soybeans, on LDL Oxidation in Vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 3592-3596. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011718g
[3]
Inafuku, M., Toda, T., Okabe, T., Wada, K., Takara, K., Iwasaki, H. and Oku, H. (2007) Effect of Kokuto, a Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar, on the Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Japanese Quail and Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. Food Science and Technology Research, 13, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.13.61
[4]
Takara, K., Matsui, D., Wada, K., Ichiba, T. and Nakasone, Y. (2002) New Antioxidative Phenolic Glycosides Isolated from Kokuto Non-Centrifuged Cane Sugar. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 66, 29-35.
https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.66.29
[5]
Matsuura, Y., Kimura, Y. and Okuda, H. (1990) Effect of Aromatic Glucosides Isolated from Black Sugar on Intestinal Absorption of Glucose. Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Society for WAKAN-YAKU, 7, 168-172.
[6]
Hosono, R., Nishimoto, S. and Kuno, S. (1989) Alterations of Life Span in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under Monoxenic Culture Conditions. Experimental Gerontology, 24, 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(89)90016-8
[7]
Sulston, J.E. and Horvitz, H.R. (1977) Post-Embryonic Cell Lineages of the Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Developmental Biology, 56, 110-156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(77)90158-0
[8]
Kenyon, C. (1985) Cell Lineage and the Control of Caenorhabditis elegans Development. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 312, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1985.0175
[9]
Furuhashi, T. and Sakamoto, K. (2016) Central Nervous System Promotes Thermotolerance via Foxo/DAF-16 Activation through Octopamine and Acetylcholine Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 472, 114-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.076
[10]
Larsen, P.L., Albert, P.S. and Riddle, D.L. (1995) Genes That Regulate Both Development and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 139, 1567-1583.
[11]
Ogg, S., Paradis, S., Gottlieb, S., Patterson, G.I., Lee, L., Tissenbaum, H.A. and Ruvkun, G. (1997) The Fork Head Transcription Factor DAF-16 Transduces Insulin-Like Metabolic and Longevity Signals in C. elegans. Nature, 389, 994-999.
https://doi.org/10.1038/40194
[12]
Lin, K., Dorman, J.B., Rodan, A. and Kenyon, C. (1997) Daf-16: An HNF-3/Forkhead Family Member That Can Function to Double the Life-Span of Caenorhabditiselegans. Science, 278, 1319-1322.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5341.1319
[13]
Furuhashi, T. and Sakamoto, K. (2014) Foxo/Daf-16 Restored Thrashing Movement Reduced by Heat Stress in Caenorhabditiselegans. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology—Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 170, 26-32.
[14]
Henderson, S.T. and Johnson, T.E. (2001) Daf-16 Integrates Developmental and Environmental Inputs to Mediate Aging in the Nematode Caenorhabditiselegans. Current Biology, 11, 1975-1980.
[15]
Takara, K., Ushijima, K., Wada, K., Iwasaki, H. and Yamashita, M. (2007) Phenolic Compounds from Sugarcane Molasses Possessing Antibacterial Activity against Cariogenic Bacteria. Journal of Oleo Science, 56, 611-614.
https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.56.611
[16]
Yang, W. and Hekimi, S. (2010) A Mitochondrial Superoxide Signal Triggers Increased Longevity in Caenorhabditiselegans. PLOS Biology, 8, e1000556.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000556
[17]
Takahashi, A., Ohtani, N., Yamakoshi, K., Iida, S., Tahara, H., Nakayama, K., Nakayama, K.I., Ide, T., Saya, H. and Hara, E. (2006) Mitogenic Signalling and the P16ink4a-Rb Pathway Cooperate to Enforce Irreversible Cellular Senescence. Nature Cell Biology, 8, 1291-1297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1491
[18]
Ushio-Fukai, M. and Alexander, R.W. (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of Angiogenesis Signaling: Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 264, 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MCBI.0000044378.09409.b5
