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大气科学  2014 

CLM4.0模式对中国区域土壤湿度的数值模拟及评估研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1401.13194

Keywords: CLM4.0模式,土壤湿度,数值模拟,响应

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Abstract:

本文利用普林斯顿大学全球大气强迫场资料,驱动公用陆面过程模式(CommunityLandModelversion4.0,CLM4.0)模拟了中国区域1961~2010年土壤湿度的时空变化。将模拟结果与观测结果、美国国家环境预报中心再分析数据(NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPredictionReanalysis,NCEP)和高级微波扫描辐射计(AdvancedMicrowaveScanningRadiometer-EOS,AMSR-E)反演的土壤湿度进行了对比分析,结果表明CLM4.0模拟结果可以反映出中国区域观测土壤湿度的空间分布和时空变化特征,但东北、江淮和河套三个地区模拟值相对于观测值在各层次均系统性偏大。模拟与NCEP再分析土壤湿度的空间分布基本一致,与AMSR-E的反演值在35°N以北的分布也基本一致;从1961~2010年土壤湿度模拟结果分析得出,各层土壤湿度空间分布从西北向东南增加。低值区主要分布在新疆、青海、甘肃和内蒙古西部地区。东北平原、江淮地区和长江流域为高值区。土壤湿度数值总体上从浅层向深层增加。不同深度土壤湿度变化趋势基本相同。除新疆西部和东北部分地区外,土壤湿度在35°N以北以减少趋势为主,30°N以南的长江流域、华南及西南地区以增加为主。在全球气候变暖的背景下,CLM4.0模拟的夏季土壤湿度在不同程度上响应了降水的变化。中国典型干旱区和半干旱区土壤湿度减小,湿润区增加。其中湿润区土壤湿度对降水的响应最为显著,其次是半干旱区和干旱区。

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