Bringi V N,Knupp K,Detwiler A,Evolution of a Florida thunderstorm during the convection and precipitation/electrification experiment:The case of 9 August 1991,Monthly Weather Review,1997.
[2]
Carey L D,Rutledge S A,A mutiparameter radar case study of the microphysical and kinematic evolution of a lightning producing storm,Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1996.
[3]
Carey L D,Rutledge S A,Petersen W A,The relationship between severe storm reports and cloud-to-ground lightning polarity in the contiguous United States from 1989 to 1998,Monthly Weather Review,2003.
[4]
Knapp D I,Using cloud-to-ground lightning data to identify tornadic thunderstorm signatures and nowcast severe weather,Natl Wea Dig,1994.
[5]
Lhermitte R,Williams E,Doppler radar and radio observations of thunderstorms,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics,1979.
[6]
MacGorman D R,Morgenstern C D,Some characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in mesoscale convective systems,Journal of Geophysical Research,1998(12).
[7]
McCaul E W,Cohen C,The impact on simulated storm structure and intensity of variations in the mixed layer and moist layer depths,Monthly Weather Review,2002.
[8]
Carey L D,Martin J M,McCormick T L,Lightning location relative to storm structure in a leading-line,trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system,Journal of Geophysical Research,2005.
[9]
Carey L D,Buffalo K M,Environmental control of cloud-toground lightning polarity in severe storms,Monthly Weather Review,2007.
[10]
Dye J E,Winn W P,Jones J J,The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorm 1 Relationship between precipitation development and the onset of electrification,Journal of Geophysical Research,1989.
Lopez R E,Aubagnac J P,The lightning activity of a hailstorm as a function of changes in its microphysical characteristics inferred from polarimetric radar observations,Journal of Geophysical Research,1997(14).
[16]
MacGorman D R,Burgess D W,Mazur V,Lightning rates relative to tornadic storm evolution on 22 May 1981,Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1989.
[17]
Michimoto K,A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharge of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District Part Ⅰ Observation and analysis of thunderclouds in summer and winter,Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,1991.
[18]
Nikolai D,Rabin R M,Carey L D,Lightning activity related to satellite and radar observations of a mesocale convective system over Texas on 7-8 April 2002,Atmospheric Research,2005.
[19]
Orville R E,Silver A C,Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States:1992-95,Monthly Weather Review,1997.
[20]
Pinto I R C A,Pinto O,Cloud-to-ground lightning in southeastern Brazil in 1993 2 Time variations and flash characteristics,Journal of Geophysical Research,1999.
[21]
Qie Xiushu,Yan Muhong,Guo Changming,Lightning data and study of thunderstorm nowcasting,Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2003(7).
[22]
Reap R M,Climatological characteristics and objective prediction of thunderstorms over Alaska,Weather and Forecasting,1991.
[23]
Rutledge S A,MacGorman D R,Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the 10-11 June 1985 mesoscale convective system observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE-STORM Project,Monthly Weather Review,1988.
[24]
Smith S B,LaDue J G,MacGorman D R,The relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning polarity and surface equivalent potential temperature during three tornadic outbreaks,Monthly Weather Review,2000.
[25]
Soriano L R,Pablo F,Diez E G,Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the Iberian Peninsula:1992-1994,Journal of Geophysical Research,2001.
[26]
Sun J,Flicher D W,Lilly D K,Recovery of three-dimensional wind and temperature fields from simulated single-Doppler radar data,Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1991.
[27]
Williams E R,Weber M E,Orville R E,The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds,Journal of Geophysical Research,1989.
[28]
Weber M,Boldi R,Laroche P,Use of high resolution lighming detection and localization sensors for hazardous aviation weather nowcasting,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1993.
[29]
Zajac B A,Rutledge S A,Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the contiguous United States from 1995 to 1999,Monthly Weather Review,2001.
[30]
Zipser E J,Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning,Mon Wea Res,1994.