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滦河流域不同时空水环境重金属污染健康风险评价

Keywords: 重金属,健康风险,滦河,水环境

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Abstract:

通过现场采样及室内分析方法,对滦河干流和主要支流的水体中As、Cd、Pb、Hg和Cu的浓度进行了调查研究,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其所引起的健康风险作了初步评价。结果表明,重金属的平均浓度范围分别为As:0.340~2.753μg·L-1,Cd:1.120~4.474μg·L-1,Pb:11.610~19.088μg·L-1,Hg:0.036~0.239μg·L-1和Cu:1.058~5.807μg·L-1。致癌物As和Cd对人体健康危害的个人年均风险均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5·a-1),其中As大于Cd,最大在三道河子为1.85×10-5·a-1。非致癌物的个人年均风险为Pb>Hg>Cu,三者风险水平在10-9~10-10之间,均低于ICRP标准4~5个数量级。化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年均风险远远超过非致癌物的年风险。不同年代的As个人年均风险变化分析结果表明,1985年到1990年,乌龙矶和潘家口大黑汀水库区域出现了异常升高,在燕子峪最大达到2.80×10-4·a-1,其他断面均呈现逐年降低趋势,到2008年已全部低于ICRP标准。

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