Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the differences in the oral health status of adult population between women and men by the clinical status of the permanent first molar. Methods: The data were obtained in a non-random sample of 132,174 patients from a large cohort who were under dental treatment nationwide in Chile during 2011. Results: The results show a greater frequency of “filled and not decayed” (45.6%), “decayed” (18.8%) and followed by “missing by decay” (15.4%). Moreover, an association is established between the “filled and decayed” condition to the female gender and the condition “decayed” and “missing by decay” to the male gender (Significance level α ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: This study concluded that there was a dependent association between gender and the oral health status of permanent first molars in adult patients.
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