| [1] | Parker JC (2002) Troglitazone: the discovery and development of a novel therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54: 1173–1197. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00093-5
|
| [2] | Defronzo RA (2009) Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 58: 773–795. doi: 10.2337/db09-9028
|
| [3] | Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, Ballantyne CM, Couper D, et al. (2003) Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes 52: 1799–1805. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1799
|
| [4] | Lanner JT, Bruton JD, Katz A, Westerblad H (2008) Ca2+ and insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Curr Opin Pharmacol 8: 339–345. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.01.006
|
| [5] | Chiasson JL, Rabasa-Lhoret R (2004) Prevention of type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance and β-cell function. Diabetes 53 Suppl 3S34–38. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.s34
|
| [6] | Saltiel AR, Kahn CR (2001) Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature 414: 799–806. doi: 10.1038/414799a
|
| [7] | Mueckler M (1990) Family of glucose-transporter genes. Implications for glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Diabetes 39: 6–11. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.39.1.6
|
| [8] | Kirkham DM, Murphy GJ, Young P (1992) Demonstration of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gi) function in liver and hepatocyte membranes from streptozotocin-treated rats. Biochem J 284 (Pt 2): 301–304.
|
| [9] | Howard AD, McAllister G, Feighner SD, Liu Q, Nargund RP, et al. (2001) Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors and natural ligand discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22: 132–140. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01636-9
|
| [10] | Chawla A, Repa JJ, Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ (2001) Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science 294: 1866–1870. doi: 10.1126/science.294.5548.1866
|
| [11] | Civelli O (2005) GPCR deorphanizations: the novel, the known and the unexpected transmitters. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26: 15–19. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.11.005
|
| [12] | Stoddart LA, Smith NJ, Milligan G (2008) International Union of Pharmacology. LXXI. Free fatty acid receptors FFA1, -2, and -3: pharmacology and pathophysiological functions. Pharmacol Rev 60: 405–417. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.00802
|
| [13] | Green A, Walters DJ, Belt SE (1997) Insulin resistance in adipocytes after downregulation of Gi subtypes. Am J Physiol 273: E254–261.
|
| [14] | Brown AJ, Goldsworthy SM, Barnes AA, Eilert MM, Tcheang L, et al. (2003) The Orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 278: 11312–11319. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m211609200
|
| [15] | Le Poul E, Loison C, Struyf S, Springael JY, Lannoy V, et al. (2003) Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation. J Biol Chem 278: 25481–25489. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m301403200
|
| [16] | Xiong Y, Miyamoto N, Shibata K, Valasek MA, Motoike T, et al. (2004) Short-chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR41. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 1045–1050. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2637002100
|
| [17] | Hong YH, Nishimura Y, Hishikawa D, Tsuzuki H, Miyahara H, et al. (2005) Acetate and propionate short chain fatty acids stimulate adipogenesis via GPCR43. Endocrinology 146: 5092–5099. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0545
|
| [18] | Seljeset S, Siehler S (2012) Receptor-specific regulation of ERK1/2 activation by members of the “free fatty acid receptor” family. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 32: 196–201. doi: 10.3109/10799893.2012.692118
|
| [19] | Perez-Matute P, Perez-Martinez L, Blanco JR, Oteo JA (2012) Minimal effects of Darunavir on adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. J Infect Chemother 18: 485–493. doi: 10.1007/s10156-011-0361-8
|
| [20] | Park CE, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Min BI, Bae H, et al. (2007) Resveratrol stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Exp Mol Med 39: 222–229. doi: 10.1038/emm.2007.25
|
| [21] | Kim KY, Cho HS, Jung WH, Kim SS, Cheon HG (2007) Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 suppression is an important process in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling in adipocytes and myotubes. Mol Pharmacol 71: 1554–1562. doi: 10.1124/mol.106.031948
|
| [22] | Nugent C, Prins JB, Whitehead JP, Savage D, Wentworth JM, et al. (2001) Potentiation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by PPARγ agonists is maintained in cells expressing a PPARγ dominant-negative mutant: Evidence for selectivity in the downstream responses to PPARγ activation. Mol Endocrionol 15: 1729–1738. doi: 10.1210/mend.15.10.0715
|
| [23] | Zhang WY, Lee JJ, Kim Y, Kim IS, Han JH, et al. (2012) Effect of eriodictyol on glucose uptake and insulin resistance in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 60: 7652–7658. doi: 10.1021/jf300601z
|
| [24] | Goldstein BJ (2002) Insulin resistance as the core defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 90: 3G–10G.
|
| [25] | Salehi A, Flodgren E, Nilsson NE, Jimenez-Feltstrom J, Miyazaki J, et al. (2005) Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1R/GPR40) and its involvement in fatty-acid-stimulated insulin secretion. Cell Tissue Res 322: 207–215. doi: 10.1007/s00441-005-0017-z
|
| [26] | Chu ZL, Jones RM, He H, Carroll C, Gutierrez V, et al. (2007) A role for β-cell-expressed G protein-coupled receptor 119 in glycemic control by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin release. Endocrinology 148: 2601–2609. doi: 10.1210/en.2006-1608
|
| [27] | Chu ZL, Carroll C, Alfonso J, Gutierrez V, He H, et al. (2008) A role for intestinal endocrine cell-expressed G protein-coupled receptor 119 in glycemic control by enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide release. Endocrinology 149: 2038–2047. doi: 10.1210/en.2007-0966
|
| [28] | Hirasawa A, Tsumaya K, Awaji T, Katsuma S, Adachi T, et al. (2005) Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120. Nat Med 11: 90–94. doi: 10.1038/nm1168
|
| [29] | Oh DY, Talukdar S, Bae EJ, Imamura T, Morinaga H, et al. (2010) GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. Cell 142: 687–698. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.041
|
| [30] | Ohira H, Fujioka Y, Katagiri C, Mamoto R, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, et al. (2013) Butyrate attenuates inflammation and lipolysis generated by the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages. J Atheroscler Thromb 20: 425–442. doi: 10.5551/jat.15065
|
| [31] | Covington DK, Briscoe CA, Brown AJ, Jayawickreme CK (2006) The G-protein-coupled receptor 40 family (GPR40-GPR43) and its role in nutrient sensing. Biochem Soc Trans 34: 770–773. doi: 10.1042/bst0340770
|
| [32] | Sellin JH (1999) SCFAs; The enigma of weak electrolyte transport in the colon. News Physiol Sci 14: 58–64.
|
| [33] | Wolever TM, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Chiasson JL (1997) Time of day and glucose tolerance status affect serum short-chin fatty acid concentrations in humans. Metabolism 46: 805–811. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90127-x
|
| [34] | Tan Y, Ichikawa T, Li J, Si Q, Yang H, et al. (2011) Diabetic downregulation of Nrf2 activity via ERK contributes to oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in cardiac cells in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes 60: 625–633. doi: 10.2337/db10-1164
|
| [35] | Izawa Y, Yoshizumi M, Fujita Y, Ali N, Kanematsu Y, et al. (2005) ERK1/2 activation by angiotensin II inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 308: 291–299. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.04.028
|
| [36] | Pu J, Peng G, Li L, Na H, Liu Y, et al. (2011) Palmitic acid acutely stimulates glucose uptake via activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in skeletal muscle cells. J Lipid Res 52: 1319–1327. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m011254
|
| [37] | Chen S, Mackintosh C (2009) Differential regulation of NHE1 phosphorylation and glucose uptake by inhibitors of the ERK pathway and p90RSK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell Signal 21: 1984–1993. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.09.009
|
