| [1] | Orth RJ, Carruthers TJB, Dennison WC, Duarte CM, Fourqurean JW, et al. (2006) A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems. BioScience 56: 987–996.
|
| [2] | Costanza R, d'Arge R, de Groot R, Farber S, Grasso M, et al. (1997) The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387: 253–260.
|
| [3] | Duffy JE (2006) Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 311: 233–250.
|
| [4] | Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ, Dennison WC, et al. (2009) Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 12377–12381.
|
| [5] | Muehlstein LK (1989) Perspectives on the wasting disease of eelgrass Zostera marina. Dis Aquat Organ 7: 211–221.
|
| [6] | Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, et al. (1999) Emerging Marine Diseases–Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors. Science 285: 1505–1510.
|
| [7] | Jones KE, Patel GP, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, et al. (2008) Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451: 990–993.
|
| [8] | Reise K, Herre E, Sturm M (1989) Historical changes in the benthos of the Wadden Sea around the island of Sylt in the North Sea. Helgoland Mar Res 43: 417–433.
|
| [9] | de Jonge V, de Jong D, van den Bergs J (1996) Reintroduction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Dutch Wadden Sea; Review of research and suggestions for management measures. J Coastal Cons 2: 149–158.
|
| [10] | Bostr？m C, Baden SP, Krause-Jensen D (2003) The seagrasses of Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea. In: Green EP, Short FT (eds) World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley, 27–37.
|
| [11] | Meyer T, Nehring S (2006) Anpflanzung von Seegraswiesen (Zostera marina L.) als interne Ma？nahme zur Restaurierung der Ostsee - Plantation of seagrass beds (Zostera marina L.) as internal measure for restoration of the Baltic Sea. Rostock. Meeresbiolog Beitr 15: 105–119.
|
| [12] | Godet L, Fournier J, van Katwijk M, Olivier F, Le Mao P, et al. (2008) Before and after wasting disease in common eelgrass Zostera marina along the French Atlantic coasts: a general overview and first accurate mapping. Dis Aquat Organ 79: 249–255.
|
| [13] | Wohlenberg E (1935) Beobachtungen über das Seegras, Zostera marina L., und seine Erkrankung im nordfriesischen Wattenmeer. Beitr？ge zur Heimatforschung in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Lübeck, Sonderdruck aus Nordelbingen 11: 1–19.
|
| [14] | Wyllie-Echeverria S, Cox PA (1999) The seagrass (Zostera marina, Zosteraceae) industry of Nova Scotia (1907–1960). Econom Bot 53: 419–426.
|
| [15] | Cottam C (1933) Disappearance of eelgrass along the Atlantic Coast. Plant Dis Rep 17: 46–53.
|
| [16] | Cotton AD (1933) Disappearance of Zostera marina. Nature 132: 483–483.
|
| [17] | Fischer-Piette E, Heim R, Larni R (1932) Note preliminaire sur une maladie bacterienne des Zosteres. Compt Rend Acad Sc Paris 195: 1420.
|
| [18] | van der Werff A (1938) A new parasitic organism in Zostera marina. Chron Bot 4: 498–499.
|
| [19] | Butcher RW (1934) Zostera, Report on the present condition of Eel Grass on the coasts of England, based on a survey during August to October 1933. J du Conseil 9.
|
| [20] | Blegvad H (1935) En epidemisk sygdom i b？ndeltangen (Zostera marina L.). In: Blegvad H (ed) Beretning til Mineteriet for S？fart og Fisken fra den Danske Biologiske Station. C.A. Reitzels Forlag, K？benhavn, 1–8.
|
| [21] | Addy CE, Aylward DA (1944) Status of Eelgrass in Massachusetts during 1943. J Wildlife Manage 8: 269–275.
|
| [22] | Blois JC, Francaz JM, Gaudichon M, Gaudichon S, Le Bris L (1961) Observations sur les herbiers à Zostères de la région de Roscoff. Cah Biol Mar 2: 223–262.
|
| [23] | Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna. In: McRoy CH, Hellferish C (eds) Seagrass ecosystems, a scientific perspective. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1–51.
|
| [24] | Short FT, Ibelings BW, Den Hartog C (1988) Comparison of a current eelgrass disease to the wasting disease in the 1930s. Aquatic Botany 30: 295–304.
|
| [25] | Reise K, Kohlus J (2008) Seagrass recovery in the Northern Wadden Sea? Helgoland Marine Research 62: 77–84.
|
| [26] | Kastler T, Michaelis H (1997) Der Rückgang der Seegrasbest？nde im nieders？chsischen Wattenmeer. Berichte der Forschungsstelle Küste 41: 119–139.
|
| [27] | Dolch T, Buschbaum C, Reise K (2009) Seegras-Monitoring im Schleswig-Holsteinischen Wattenmeer 2008. Landesamtes für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und l？ndliche R？ume des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, Flintbek.
|
| [28] | Short FT, Muehlstein LK, Porter D (1987) Eelgrass wasting disease: Cause and recurrence of a marine epidemic. Biol Bull 173: 557–562.
|
| [29] | Renn CE (1936) The Wasting Disease of Zostera marina. I. A Phytological Investigation of the Diseased Plant. Biol Bull 70 148–158.
|
| [30] | Muehlstein LK, Porter D, Short FT (1991) Labyrinthula zosterae sp. nov., the causative agent of wasting disease of eelgrass, Zostera marina. Mycologia 83: 180–191.
|
| [31] | den Hartog C (1989) Early records of wasting-disease-like damage patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina. Dis Aquat Organ 7: 223–226.
|
| [32] | Bockelmann AC, Beining K, Reusch TBH (2012) Widespread occurrence of endophytic Labyrinthula spp. in northern European eelgrass Zostera marina beds. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 445: 109–116.
|
| [33] | Burdick DM, Short FT, Wolf J (1993) An Index to Assess and Monitor the Progression of Wasting Disease in Eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 94: 83–90.
|
| [34] | Hily C, Raffin C, Brun A, den Hartog C (2002) Spatio-temporal variability of wasting disease symptoms in eelgrass meadows of Brittany (France). Aquat Bot 72: 37–53.
|
| [35] | Bergmann N, Fricke B, Schmidt MC, Tams V, Beining K, et al. (2011) A quantitative real-time PCR assay for the seagrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae. Mol Ecol Res 11: 1076–1081.
|
| [36] | Oetjen K, Reusch TBH (2007) Genome scans detect consistent divergent selection among subtidal vs. intertidal populations of the marine angiosperm Zostera marina. Mol Ecol 16: 5156–5157.
|
| [37] | Pokorny KS (1967) Labyrinthula. J Eukaryot Microbiol 14: 697–708.
|
| [38] | Amon JP, Perkins FO (1968) Structure of Labyrinthula sp. Zoospores. J Protozool 15: 543–546.
|
| [39] | Bartsch G (1971) Cytologische Beobachtungen an Labyrinthula coenocystis Schmoller bei verschiedenen Kulturbedingungen. Zeitschrift für Allg. Mikrobiologie 11: 79–90.
|
| [40] | Porter D (1990) Phylum Labyrinthulomycota. In: Margulis L,Corliss JO, Melkonian M, Chapman DJ (eds) Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
|
| [41] | Anderson RM, May RM (1978) Regulation of stability of host-parasite population interactions. I. Regulatory Processes, J Anim Ecol 47: 219–247.
|
| [42] | Thrall PH, Burdon JJ (2003) Evolution of virulence in a plant host-pathogen metapopulation. Science 299: 1735–1737.
|
| [43] | Gilbert GS (2002) Evolutionary ecology of plant diseases in natural ecosystems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 40: 13–43.
|
| [44] | Cheplick GP, Faeth SH (2009) Ecology and evolution of the grass-endophyte symbiosis. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
|
| [45] | Ralph PJ, Short FT (2002) Impact of the wasting disease pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, on the photobiology of eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226: 265–271.
|
| [46] | Giesen WBJT, Van Katwijk MM, Den Hartog C (1990) Temperature, salinity, insolation and wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Dutch Wadden Sea in the 1930's. Netherlands J Sea Res 25: 395–404.
|
| [47] | Vergeer LHT, Aarts TL, de Groot JD (1995) The `wasting disease' and the effect of abiotic factors (light intensity, temperature, salinity) and infection with Labyrinthula zosterae on the phenolic content of Zostera marina shoots. Aquat Bot 52: 35–44.
|
| [48] | McKone KL, Tanner CE (2009) Role of salinity in the susceptibility of eelgrass Zostera marina to the wasting disease pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 377: 123–130.
|
| [49] | Bowles JW, Bell SS (2004) Simulated herbivory and the dynamics of disease in Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 283: 127–132.
|
| [50] | Raghukumar S, Damare VS (2011) Increasing evidence for the important role of Labyrinthulomycetes in marine ecosystems. Bot Mar 54: 3–11.
|
| [51] | Saikkonen K, W？li P, Helander M (2004) Faeth SH (2004) Evolution of endophyte plant symbioses. Trends Plant Sci 9: 275–280.
|
| [52] | Paszkowski U (2006) Mutualism and parasitism: the yin and yang of plant symbioses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9: 364–370.
|
| [53] | van Loon LC, Bakker PA, Pieterse CM (1998) Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annu Rev Phytopathol 36: 453–483.
|
| [54] | Ramamoorthy V, Viswanathan R, Raguchander T, Prakasam V, Samiyappan R (2001) Induction of systemic resistance by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in crop plants against pests and diseases. Crop Prot 20: 1–11.
|
| [55] | Schmoller H (1960) Kultur und Entwicklung von Labyrinthula coenocystis n. sp. Arch f Mikrobiol 36: 365–372.
|
| [56] | Johnson NC, Graham JH, Smith FA (1997) Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. New Phytol 135: 575–585.
|
| [57] | Kniskern JM, Rausher MD (2006) Environmental variation mediates the deleterious effects of Coleosporium ipomoeae on Ipomoea pupurea. Ecology 87: 675–685.
|
| [58] | Steele L, Caldwell M, Boettcher AA, Arnold T (2005) Seagrass-pathogen interactions : 'pseudo-induction' of turtlegrass phenolics near wasting disease lesions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 303: 123–131.
|
| [59] | Muehlstein LK, Porter D, Short FT (1988) Labyrinthula sp., a marine slime mold producing the symptoms of wasting disease in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Mar Biol 99: 465–472.
|
| [60] | Martin DL, Boone E, Caldwell MM, Major KM, Boettcher AA (2009) Liquid culture and growth quantification of the seagrass pathogen, Labyrinthula spp. Mycologia 101: 632–635.
|
| [61] | Cook T, Folli M, Klinck J, Ford S, Miller J (1998) The Relationship between Increasing Sea-surface Temperature and the Northward Spread of Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) Disease Epizootics in Oysters. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 46: 587–597.
|
| [62] | Ward JR, Lafferty KD (2004) The Elusive Baseline of Marine Disease: Are Diseases in Ocean Ecosystems Increasing? PLoS Biol 2: 0542–0547.
|
| [63] | Karvonen A, Rintam？ki Pi, Jokela J, Valtonen ET (2010) Increasing water temperature and disease risks in aquatic systems: Climate change increases the risk of some, but not all, diseases. Int J Parasitol 40: 1483–1488.
|
| [64] | Garrett KA, Dendy SP, Frank EE, Rouse MN, Travers SE (2006) Climate Change Effects on Plant Disease: Genomes to Ecosystems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44: 489–509.
|
