Objective The information on the changes of prevalence of MetS in China is limited. Our objective was to assess a 10-year’s change of the prevalence of MetS in a Chinese elderly population between 2001 and 2010. Methods We conducted two cross-sectional surveys in a representative sample of elderly population aged 60 to 95 years in Beijing in 2001 and 2010 respectively. MetS was defined according to the 2009 harmonizing definition. Results A total of 2,334 participants (943 male, 1,391 female) in 2001 and 2,102 participants (848 male, 1,254 female) in 2010 completed the survey. The prevalence of MetS was 50.4% (95%CI: 48.4%–52.4%) in 2001 and 58.1% (95%CI: 56.0%–60.2%) in 2010. The absolute change of prevalence of MetS was 7.7% over the 10-year’s period (p<0.001). The syndrome was more common in female than male in both survey years. Among the five components, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C had increased most, with an increase of 14.8% (from 29.4% to 44.2%) and 9.9% (from 28.3% to 38.2%) respectively. The adjusted ORs of MetS for CHD, stroke and CVD were 1.67(95%CI: 1.39–1.99), 1.50(95%CI: 1.19–1.88) and 1.70(95%CI: 1.43–2.01) respectively in 2001, and were 1.74(95%CI: 1.40–2.17), 1.25(95%CI: 0.95–1.63) and 1.52(95%CI: 1.25–1.86) respectively in 2010. Conclusion The prevalence of MetS is high and increasing rapidly in this Chinese elderly population. Participants with Mets and its individual components are at significantly elevated ORs for CVD. Urgent public health actions are needed to control MetS and its components, especially for dislipidemia.
References
[1]
Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, et al. (2010) The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 56: 1113–1132.
[2]
Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, Gami LA, et al. (2007) Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 403–414.
[3]
Galassi A, Reynolds K, He J (2006) Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 119: 812–819.
[4]
Ford ES, Li C, Sattar N (2008) Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes: current state of the evidence. Diabetes Care 31: 1898–1904.
[5]
Lorenzo C, Williams K, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Haffner SM (2005) The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome did not increase in Mexico City between 1990–1992 and 1997–1999 despite more central obesity. Diabetes Care 28: 2480–2485.
[6]
Lim S, Shin H, Song JH, Kwak SH, Kang SM, et al. (2011) Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1998–2007. Diabetes Care 34: 1323–1328.
[7]
Hu G, Lindstrom J, Jousilahti P, Peltonen M, Sjoberg L, et al. (2008) The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Finnish men and women over a decade. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 832–836.
[8]
Mozumdar A, Liguori G (2011) Persistent increase of prevalence of metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults: NHANES III to NHANES 1999–2006. Diabetes Care 34: 216–219.
[9]
Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, et al. (2005) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China. Lancet 365: 1398–1405.
[10]
Zhao J, Pang ZC, Zhang L, Gao WG, Wang SJ, et al. (2011) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural and urban Chinese population in Qingdao. J Endocrinol Invest 34: 444–448.
[11]
Villegas R, Xiang YB, Yang G, Cai Q, Fazio S, et al. (2009) Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome according to three definitions in middle-aged Chinese men. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 7: 37–45.
[12]
Cai H, Huang J, Xu G, Yang Z, Liu M, et al. (2012) Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome among women in Chinese rural areas. PLoS One 7: e36936.
[13]
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, et al. (2009) Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 120: 1640–1645.
[14]
He Y, Jiang B, Wang J, Feng K, Chang Q, et al. (2006) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to cardiovascular disease in an elderly Chinese population. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 1588–1594.
[15]
Wu Z, Yao C, Zhao D, Wu G, Wang W, et al. (2001) Sino-MONICA project: a collaborative study on trends and determinants in cardiovascular diseases in China, Part i: morbidity and mortality monitoring. Circulation 103: 462–468.
[16]
Popkin BM, Horton S, Kim S, Mahal A, Shuigao J (2001) Trends in diet, nutritional status, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in China and India: the economic costs of the nutrition transition. Nutr Rev 59: 379–390.
[17]
Wang Y, Mi J, Shan XY, Wang QJ, Ge KY (2007) Is China facing an obesity epidemic and the consequences? The trends in obesity and chronic disease in China. Int J Obes (Lond) 31: 177–188.
[18]
Hu FB (2011) Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care 34: 1249–1257.
[19]
He J, Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, Muntner P, et al. (2004) Serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia in China. Circulation 110: 405–411.
[20]
Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, Keech A, Simes J, et al. (2012) The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 380: 581–590.
[21]
Gong P, Liang S, Carlton EJ, Jiang Q, Wu J, et al. (2012) Urbanisation and health in China. Lancet 379: 843–852.