全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2013 

Are Chimpanzees Really So Poor at Understanding Imperative Pointing? Some New Data and an Alternative View of Canine and Ape Social Cognition

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079338

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

There is considerable interest in comparative research on different species’ abilities to respond to human communicative cues such as gaze and pointing. It has been reported that some canines perform significantly better than monkeys and apes on tasks requiring the comprehension of either declarative or imperative pointing and these differences have been attributed to domestication in dogs. Here we tested a sample of chimpanzees on a task requiring comprehension of an imperative request and show that, though there are considerable individual differences, the performance by the apes rival those reported in pet dogs. We suggest that small differences in methodology can have a pronounced influence on performance on these types of tasks. We further suggest that basic differences in subject sampling, subject recruitment and rearing experiences have resulted in a skewed representation of canine abilities compared to those of monkeys and apes.

References

[1]  Butterworth G (2001) Joint visual attention in infancy. In: Bremner G, Fogel A, editors. Blackwell handbook of infant development. Oxford, England: Blackwell. 213–240.
[2]  Scaife M, Bruner JS (1975) The capacity for joint visual attention in the infant. Nature 253: 265–266.
[3]  Carpenter M, Nagell K, Tomasello M, Butterworth G, Moore C (1998) Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 63.
[4]  Franco F, Butterworth G (1996) Pointing and social awareness: Declaring and requesting in the second year. Journal of Child Language 23: 307–336.
[5]  Butterworth G, Morissette P (1996) Onset of pointing and the acquisition of language in infancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 14: 219–231.
[6]  Colonnesi C, Stams GJJM, Koster I, Noom MJ (2010) The relation between pointing and language development: A meta-analysis. Developmental Review 30: 352–366.
[7]  Baron-Cohen S (1989) Perceptual role-taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 7: 113–127.
[8]  Mundy P, Sigman M, Ungerer J, Sherman T (1986) Defining the social deficits of autism: The contribution of non-verbal communication measures. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Applied Disciplines 27: 657–669.
[9]  Call J, Tomasello M (1994) Production and comprehension of referential pointing by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 108: 307–317.
[10]  Leavens DA, Hopkins WD (1998) Intentional communication by chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures. Developmental Psychology 34: 813–822.
[11]  Woodruff G, Premack D (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee. Cognition 7: 333–362.
[12]  Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Bard KA (1996) Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 110: 346–353.
[13]  Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Thomas R (2004) Referential communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 118: 48–57.
[14]  Tomasello M, Call J, Hare B (1998) Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics. Anim Behav 55: 1063–1069.
[15]  Tomasello M, Hare B, Agnetta B (1999) Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, follow gaze direction geometrically. Animal Behaviour 58: 769–777.
[16]  Blaschke M, Ettlinger G (1987) Pointing as an act of social communication by monkeys. Animal Behaviour 35: 1520–1523.
[17]  Povinelli DJ, Nelson KE, Boysen ST (1990) Inferences about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 104: 203–210.
[18]  Povinelli DJ, Nelson KE, Boysen ST (1992) Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: Evidence of empathy? Animal Behaviour 43: 633–640.
[19]  Miklosi A, Soproni K (2006) A comparative analysis of animals’ understanding of the human pointing gesture. Animal Cognition 9.
[20]  Brauer J, Kaminski J, Riedel J, Call J, Tomasello M (2006) Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape. Journal of Comparative Psychology 120: 38–47.
[21]  Udell MAR, Dorey NR, Wynne CDL (2008) Wolves outperform dogs in following human social cues. Animal Behaviour 76: 1767–1773.
[22]  Lyn H (2010) Environment, methodology, and the object choice task in apes: evidence for declarative comprehension and implications for the evolution of language. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 8: 333–349.
[23]  Mulcahy NJ, Hedge V (2012) Are great apes tested with an abject object-choice task? Animal Behaviour 83: 313–321.
[24]  Kirchhofer KC, Zimmermann F, Kaminski J, Tomasello M (2012) Dogs (Canis familiaris), but not chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), understand imperative pointing. PLoS ONE 7.
[25]  Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Bard KA (2008) The heterochronic origins of explicit reference. In: Zlatev J, Racine TP, Sinha C, Itkonen E, editors. The shared mind: Perspective on intersubjectivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 187–214.
[26]  Leavens DA, Racine TP, Hopkins WD (2009) The ontogeny and phylogeney of non-verbal dexis. In: Botha C, Knight C, editors. The prehistory of language Oxford: Oxford University Press. 142–165.
[27]  Furness W (1916) Observations on the mentality of chimpanzees and orangutans. Proceeedings of the American Philosophical Society 45: 281–290.
[28]  Gardner RA, Gardner BT (1969) Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165: 664–672.
[29]  Gardner RA, Gardner BT, van Cantfort TE (1989) Teaching sign language to chimpanzees. Albany: State University of New York Press.
[30]  Kellogg WN, Kellogg LA (1933) The ape and the child: A study of early environmental influence upon early behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[31]  Rumbaugh DM (1977) Language learning by a chimpanzee: The Lana project. New York: Academic Press.
[32]  Savage-Rumbaugh ES, Murphy J, Sevcik RA, Brakke KE, Williams SL, et al. (1993) Language comprehension in ape and child. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 58: 1–256.
[33]  Itakura S, Tanaka M (1998) Use of Experimenter-Given Cues During Object-Choice Tasks by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), an Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and Human Infants (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology 112: 119–126.
[34]  Miles HL (1990) The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan. In: Parker ST, Gibson KR, editors. “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 511–539.
[35]  Peignot P, Anderson JR (1999) Use of experimenter-given manual and facial cues by gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) in an object-choice task. Journal of Comparative Psychology 113: 253–260.
[36]  Witmer L (1909) A monkey with a mind. Psychological Clinic 3: 179–205.
[37]  Leavens DA, Hostetter AB, Wesley MJ, Hopkins WD (2004) Tactical use of unimodal and bimodal communication by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Animal Behaviour 67: 467–476.
[38]  Hyatt CW, Hopkins WD (1998) Interspecies object exchange: Bartering in apes?. Behavioural Processes 42: 177–187.
[39]  Lyn HL, Russell JL, Leavens DA, Bard KA, Boysen ST, et al. (in press) Apes communicate about absent and displaced objects: Methodology matters. Animal Cognition.
[40]  Brosnan SF, Schiff HC, De Waal FB (2006) Tolerance for inequity may increase with social closeness in chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society 272: 253–258.
[41]  Nelson CA, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Smyke AT, et al. (2007) Cognitive recovery in socially deprived young children: The Bucharest early intervention project. Science 318: 1937–1940.
[42]  Udell MAR, Dorey NR, Wynne CDL (2010) The performance of stray dogs (Canis familiaris) living in a shelter on human-guided object-choice tasks. Animal Behaviour 79: 717–725.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133