全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2014 

Changes in Fish Assemblages following the Establishment of a Network of No-Take Marine Reserves and Partially-Protected Areas

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085825

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Networks of no-take marine reserves and partially-protected areas (with limited fishing) are being increasingly promoted as a means of conserving biodiversity. We examined changes in fish assemblages across a network of marine reserves and two different types of partially-protected areas within a marine park over the first 5 years of its establishment. We used Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) to quantify fish communities on rocky reefs at 20–40 m depth between 2008–2011. Each year, we sampled 12 sites in 6 no-take marine reserves and 12 sites in two types of partially-protected areas with contrasting levels of protection (n = 4 BRUV stations per site). Fish abundances were 38% greater across the network of marine reserves compared to the partially-protected areas, although not all individual reserves performed equally. Compliance actions were positively associated with marine reserve responses, while reserve size had no apparent relationship with reserve performance after 5 years. The richness and abundance of fishes did not consistently differ between the two types of partially-protected areas. There was, therefore, no evidence that the more regulated partially-protected areas had additional conservation benefits for reef fish assemblages. Overall, our results demonstrate conservation benefits to fish assemblages from a newly established network of temperate marine reserves. They also show that ecological monitoring can contribute to adaptive management of newly established marine reserve networks, but the extent of this contribution is limited by the rate of change in marine communities in response to protection.

References

[1]  Lotze HK, Lenihan HS, Bourque BJ, Bradbury RH, Cooke RG, et al. (2006) Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312: 1806–1809.
[2]  Crain CM, Halpern BS, Beck MW, Kappel CV (2009) Understanding and managing human threats to the coastal marine environment. In: Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology Ostfeld RS, Schlesinger WH, editors. 2009: 39–62.
[3]  Halpern BS, Lester SE, McLeod KL (2010) Placing marine protected areas onto the ecosystem-based management seascape. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 18312–18317.
[4]  Gaines SD, White C, Carr MH, Palumbi SR (2010) Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 18286–18293.
[5]  Lester SE, Halpern BS, Grorud-Colvert K, Lubchenco J, Ruttenberg BI, et al. (2009) Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384: 33–46.
[6]  Mosqueira I, Cote IM, Jennings S, Reynolds JD (2000) Conservation benefits of marine reserves for fish populations. Animal Conservation 3: 321–332.
[7]  Barrett NS, Edgar GJ, Buxton CD, Haddon M (2007) Changes in fish assemblages following 10 years of protection in Tasmanian marine protected areas. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345: 141–157.
[8]  Shears NT, Babcock RC (2003) Continuing trophic cascade effects after 25 years of no-take marine reserve protection. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246: 1–16.
[9]  Mumby PJ, Harborne AR, Williams J, Kappel CV, Brumbaugh DR, et al. (2007) Trophic cascade facilitates coral recruitment in a marine reserve. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 8362–8367.
[10]  Harrison HB, Williamson DH, Evans RD, Almany GR, Thorrold SR, et al. (2012) Larval Export from Marine Reserves and the Recruitment Benefit for Fish and Fisheries. Current Biology 22: 1023–1028.
[11]  Russ GR, Alcala AC (2011) Enhanced biodiversity beyond marine reserve boundaries: The cup spillith over. Ecological Applications 21: 241–250.
[12]  Burfeind DD, Pitt KA, Connolly RM, Byers JE (2013) Performance of non-native species within marine reserves. Biological Invasions 15: 17–28.
[13]  Byers JE, Noonburg EG (2007) Poaching, enforcement, and the efficacy of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 17: 1851–1856.
[14]  Guidetti P, Milazzo M, Bussotti S, Molinari A, Murenu M, et al. (2008) Italian marine reserve effectiveness: does enforcement matter? Biological Conservation 141: 699–709.
[15]  Hastings A, Botsford LW (2003) Comparing designs of marine reserves for fisheries and for biodiversity. Ecological Applications 13: 65–70.
[16]  Roberts CM, Andelman S, Branch G, Bustamante RH, Castilla JC, et al. (2003) Ecological criteria for evaluating candidate sites for marine reserves. Ecological Applications 13: S199–S214.
[17]  Coleman MA, Chambers J, Knott NA, Malcolm HA, Harasti D, et al. (2011) Connectivity within and among a Network of Temperate Marine Reserves. Plos One 6: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020168.
[18]  Botsford LW (2005) Potential contributions of marine reserves to sustainable fisheries: recent modeling results. Bulletin of Marine Science 76: 245–259.
[19]  Hastings A, Botsford LW (2006) Persistence of spatial populations depends on returning home. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 6067–6072.
[20]  Moffitt EA, Botsford LW, Kaplan DM, O’Farrell MR (2009) Marine reserve networks for species that move within a home range. Ecological Applications 19: 1835–1847.
[21]  Planes S, Jones GP, Thorrold SR (2009) Larval dispersal connects fish populations in a network of marine protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 5693–5697.
[22]  Denny CM, Babcock RC (2004) Do partial marine reserves protect reef fish assemblages? Biological Conservation 116: 119–129.
[23]  Lester SE, Halpern BS (2008) Biological responses in marine no-take reserves versus partially protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 367: 49–56.
[24]  Read AD, West RJ (2010) Qualitative risk assessment of multiple-use marine park effectiveness - a case study from NSW, Australia. Ocean & Coastal Management 53: 636–644.
[25]  Tuya FC, Soboil ML, Kido J (2000) An assessment of the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. Ices Journal of Marine Science 57: 1218–1226.
[26]  McCook LJ, Ayling T, Cappo M, Choat JH, Evans RD, et al. (2010) Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: a globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 18278–18285.
[27]  Banks SA, Skilleter GA (2010) Implementing marine reserve networks: a comparison of approaches in New South Wales (Australia) and New Zealand. Marine Policy 34: 197–207.
[28]  Babcock RC, Shears NT, Alcala AC, Barrett NS, Edgar GJ, et al. (2010) Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 18256–18261.
[29]  Roberts CM (2005) Marine protected areas and biodiversity conservation. In: Norse E, Crowder LB, editors. Marine conservation biology: the science of maintaining the sea’s biodiversity. Washington DC: Island Press. 265–279.
[30]  Molloy PP, McLean IB, Cote IM (2009) Effects of marine reserve age on fish populations: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 743–751.
[31]  Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD (2009) Ecological effects of marine protected areas on rocky reef communities-a continental-scale analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388: 51–62.
[32]  Gladstone W, Lindfield S, Coleman M, Kelaher B (2012) Optimisation of baited remote underwater video sampling designs for estuarine fish assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 429: 28–35.
[33]  Lowry M, Folpp H, Gregson M, Suthers I (2012) Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of artificial reefs in estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 416: 243–253.
[34]  Colton MA, Swearer SE (2010) A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400: 19–36.
[35]  Klages J, Broad A, Kelaher BP, Davis AR (2013) The influence of gummy sharks, Mustelus antarcticus, on observed fish assemblage structure. Environmental Biology of Fishes. doi: 101007/s10641-013-0138-2.
[36]  Curley BG, Jordan AR, Figueira WF, Valenzuela VC (2013) A review of the biology and ecology of key fishes targeted by coastal fisheries in south-east Australia: identifying critical knowledge gaps required to improve spatial management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.
[37]  Coleman MA, Kelaher BP (2009) Connectivity among fragmented populations of a habitat-forming alga, Phyllospora comosa (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) on an urbanised coast. Marine Ecology Progress Series 381: 63–70.
[38]  Coleman MA, Roughan M, Macdonald HS, Connell SD, Gillanders BM, et al. (2011) Variation in the strength of continental boundary currents determines continent-wide connectivity in kelp. Journal of Ecology 99: 1026–1032.
[39]  Gray CA, Otway NM (1994) Spatial and temporal differences in assemblages of demersal fishes on the innner continental-shelf off Sydney, South-Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45: 665–676.
[40]  Malcolm HA, Gladstone W, Lindfield S, Wraith J, Lynch TP (2007) Spatial and temporal variation in reef fish assemblages of marine parks in New South Wales, Australia - baited video observations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350: 277–290.
[41]  Wraith J, Lynch T, Minchinton TE, Broad A, Davis AR (2013) Bait type affects fish assemblages and feeding guilds observed at baited remote underwater video stations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 477: 189–199.
[42]  Rowling K, Hegarty A, Ives M (2010) Status of fisheries resources in NSW 2008/09. SydneyAustralia: NSW Industry & Investment. 392 p.
[43]  Anderson MJ (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26: 32–46.
[44]  Kelaher BP (2003) Changes in habitat complexity negatively affect diverse gastropod assemblages in coralline algal turf. Oecologia 135: 431–441.
[45]  Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27: 326–349.
[46]  Field JG, Clarke KR, Warwick RM (1982) A practical strategy for analyzing multispecies distribution patterns. Marine Ecology Progress Series 8: 37–52.
[47]  Rice WR (1989) Analysing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43: 223–225.
[48]  Edgar GJ, Barrett NS, Stuart-Smith RD (2009) Exploited reefs protected from fishing transform over decades into conservation features otherwise absent from seascapes. Ecological Applications 19: 1967–1974.
[49]  Edgar GJ, Barrett NS (2012) An assessment of population responses of common inshore fishes and invertebrates following declaration of five Australian marine protected areas. Environmental Conservation 39: 271–281.
[50]  Coleman MA, Palmer-Brodie A, Kelaher BP (2013) Conservation benefits of a network of marine reserves and partially protected areas. Biological Conservation 167: 257–264.
[51]  Jordan A, Davies P, Ingleton T, Mesley E, Neilson J, et al.. (2010) Seabed habitat mapping of continental shelf waters of NSW. Sydney: NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water Occasional Paper Series.
[52]  Underwood AJ (1993) The mechanics of spatially replicated sampling programs to detect environmental impacts in a variable world. Australian Journal of Ecology 18: 99–116.
[53]  Steffe AS, Murphy JJ, Chapman DJ, Barrett GP, Gray CA (2005) An assessment of changes in the daytime, boat-based, recreational fishery of the Tuross Lake estuary following the establishment of a ‘Recreational Fishing Haven’ Sydney, Australia: NSW Department of Primary Industries. 70 p.
[54]  Davis BC, Morett GS (2005) Enforcing U.S. marine protected areas: synthesis report. Silver SpringMarylandUSA: National Marine Protected Areas Center in Cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center. 69 p.
[55]  Read AD, West RJ, Haste M, Jordan A (2011) Optimizing voluntary compliance in marine protected areas: A comparison of recreational fisher and enforcement officer perspectives using multi-criteria analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 2558–2567.
[56]  Claudet J, Osenberg CW, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Domenici P, Garcia-Charton JA, et al. (2008) Marine reserves: size and age do matter. Ecology Letters 11: 481–489.
[57]  Stoms DM, Davis FW, Andelman SJ, Carr MH, Gaines SD, et al. (2005) Integrated coastal reserve planning: making the land-sea connection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 429–436.
[58]  Alvarez-Romero JG, Pressey RL, Ban NC, Vance-Borland K, Willer C, et al. (2011) Integrated Land-Sea Conservation Planning: The Missing Links. In: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol Futuyma DJ, Shaffer HB, Simberloff D, editors. 42: 381–409.
[59]  Olds AD, Connolly RM, Pitt KA, Maxwell PS (2012) Habitat connectivity improves reserve performance. Conservation Letters 5: 56–63.
[60]  Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Arias-Gonzalez JE, Lindeman KC, Blackwell PG, et al. (2004) Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427: 533–536.
[61]  Malcolm HA, Smith SDA, Jordan A (2010) Using patterns of reef fish assemblages to refine a Habitat Classification System for marine parks in NSW, Australia. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20: 83–92.
[62]  NSW Marine Parks Authority (2009) Solitary Islands Marine Park: zoning plan review report. SydneyAustralia: NSW Marine Parks Authority. 117 p.
[63]  Russ GR, Cheal AJ, Dolman AM, Emslie MJ, Evans RD, et al. (2008) Rapid increase in fish numbers follows creation of world’s largest marine reserve network. Current Biology 18: 514–515.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133