Beekeeping is one of
the recommended approaches in the implementation of poverty alleviation
programs in rural areas of Burkina Faso. However, plants that are important in
beekeeping have not been identified. The use of parts and organs of plants by
beekeepers and their methods of harvesting remain unknown. These limit the
conservation efforts of these important plants and affect beekeeping
development. The study was carried out in the south-central, eastcentral
regions and in Comoé and Boucle of Mouhoun regions ofBurkina Faso.
The objective of the study was to identify the plants species used by
traditional beekeepers, the different uses made of these plant parts and organs
and then to discuss the impact of these activities on the survival of the plant
resources. An ethnoapiculture survey was conducted in the main apiculture zone
of Burkina Faso, using semi-structured interviews. The methodology of botanical
coherence or convergence was applied to classify botanical species. Results
showed that 35 botanical species were used in traditional beekeeping. The use
of plant parts or organs in traditional hives construction represents 55%,
attraction of wild swarms in new beehives is 37.50% and use as a torch or as a
smoker, 7.50%. The barks are the organs most used. Trees are botanical type
most used. The results are not exhaustive and therefore other additional studies
need to be carried out. In order to sustain the use of these important plants,
their growing in nursery and their planting in the field are recommended.
References
[1]
Chagnon, M. (2008) Causes et effets du déclin mondial des pollinisateurs et les moyens d’y remédier. Fédération Canadienne de la Faune. Bureau régional du Québec.
[2]
Neumann, P., and Carreck, N.L. (2010) Honey bee colony losses. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49, 1-6.
doi:10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.01
[3]
Kluser, S., Neumann, P., Chauzat, M.-P. and Pettis, J.S. (2010) Global honey bee colony disorder and other threats to insect pollinators. UNEP.
[4]
Vaissière, B., Morison, N. and Carré, G. (2005) Abeilles, pollinisation et biodiversité. Abeilles & Cie, 3, 10-14.
[5]
Brown, M.J.F. and Paxton, R.J. (2009) The conservation of bees: A global perspective, Apidologie, 40, 410-416.
doi:10.1051/apido/2009019
[6]
Eardley, C.D., Gikungu, M. and Schwarz, M.P. (2009) Bee conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: Diversity, status and threats, Apidologie, 40, 355-366.
doi:10.1051/apido/2009016
[7]
Chauzat, M.-P., Faucon, J.-P., Martel, A.-C., Lachaize, J., Cougoule, N. and Aubert, M. (2006) Les pesticides, le pollen et les abeilles LSA, 216, 11-12.
[8]
Bogdanov, S. (2006) Contaminants of bee products. Apidologie, 37, 1-18. doi:10.1051/apido:2005043
[9]
Krell, R. (1996) Value-added products from beekeeping. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 124.
[10]
Bradbear, N. (2010) Le role des abeilles dans le développement rural. Manuel sur la récolte, la transformation des produits et services dérivés des abeilles. FAO, Rome, PFNL 19.
[11]
Dietemann, V., Pirk, C.W.W. and Crewe, R. (2009) Is there a need for conservation of honeybees in Africa? Apidologie, 40, 285-295. doi:10.1051/apido/2009013
[12]
Fisher, F.U. (1993) L’élevage des abeilles dans l’économie de base de la savane arborée de Miombo au Centre de l’Afrique Australe. Document du Réseau Forestier Pour le Développement Rural, 15, 3-11.
[13]
Foucault, B. (2010) Ethonographie de quelques ruches traditionnelles. Colloque sur les Journées d’échanges sur l’abeille et l’apiculture, 22-27 Avril 2005, Lille, 121-128
[14]
Guinko, S., Guenda, W., Tamini, Z. and Zoungrana, I. (1992) Les plantes mellifères de la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso. Etudes flor. Vég. Burkina Faso, 1, 27-46.
[15]
Nombré, I., Schweitzer, P., Sawadogo, M., Boussim, J.I. and Millogo-Rasolodimby, J. (2009) Assessment of melliferous plant potentialities in Burkina Faso. African Journal of Ecology, 47, 622-629.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01034.x
[16]
Nombré, I., Schweitzer, P., Boussim, I.J., Millogo/Rasolomdimby, J. (2009) Plantes utilisées pour attirer les essaims de l’abeille domestique (Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille) au Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3, 840-844.
[17]
Aubertin, C., De Castro, A.L., Empenire, L., Lescure, J.-P., Mitja, D. and Pinton, F. (1993) Les activités extractivistes en Amazonie Centrale: Une première synthèse d’un projet multidisciplinaire. ORSTOM/INPA.
[18]
Arbonnier, M. (2002) Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’Ouest. CIRAD, MNHN, UICN.