Large eddy simulation of turbulent particle-laden channel flow considering turbulence modulation by particles

Large Eddy Simulation of vertical turbulent channel ow laden with particles are performed. The number of particles is chosen very large and the volume fraction of particles is high enough for consideration of two-way coupling. This means that the particles are in uenced by uid and vice versa. The inter-particle collisions are neglected. The Euler-Lagrange method is adopted, which means that the uid is considered to be continuum (Euler approach) and for each individual particle is solved Lagrangian equation of motion. Particles are considered to be spherical. The simulations are performed for different volume fractions of particles in the channel. The results are compared to the single-phase channel ow in order to investigate the effect of the particles on the turbulence statistics of the carrier phase