[1] | Running USA Road Running Information Center (2010) 2010 marathon and state of the sport reports.
|
[2] | Buman MP, Brewer BW, Cornelius AE, Van Raalte JL, Petitpas AJ (2008) Hitting the wall in the marathon: Phenomenological characteristics and associations with expectancy, gender, and running history. Psychol Sport Exerc 9: 177–190.
|
[3] | Buman MP, Brewer BW, Cornelius AE (2009) A discrete-time hazard model of hitting the wall in recreational marathon runners. Psychol Sport Exerc 10: 662–666.
|
[4] | Sjodin B, Svedenhag J (1985) Applied physiology of marathon running. Sports Med 2: 83–99.
|
[5] | Emmett J (2007) The physiology of marathon running: Just what does running a marathon do to your body? Marathon and Beyond 11: 20–36.
|
[6] | Locksley R (1980) Fuel utilization in marathons: Implications for performance (Medical staff conference, University of California, San Francisco). West J Med 133: 493–502.
|
[7] | di Prampero PE, Atchou G, Brückner JC, Moia C (1986) The energetics of endurance running. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 55: 259–266.
|
[8] | Ward-Smith AJ (1985) A mathematical theory of running, based on the first law of thermodynamics, and its application to the performance of world-class athletes. J Biomech 18: 337–349.
|
[9] | Péronnet F, Thibault G (1989) Mathematical analysis of running performance and world running records. J Appl Physiol 67: 453–465.
|
[10] | Joyner MJ (1991) Modeling: optimal marathon performance on the basis of physiological factors. J Appl Physiol 70: 683–687.
|
[11] | Billat V, Bocquet V (1999) Bioenergetics approach of female marathon best performance. Sci Sports 14: 180–182.
|
[12] | Bocquet V, Billat V (1999) Mathematical and physiological models of human performance. Sci Sports 14: 278–291.
|
[13] | di Prampero PE (2003) Factors limiting maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 90: 420–429.
|
[14] | McGregor SJ, Weese RK, Ratz IK (2009) Performance modeling in an olympic 1500-m finalist: A practical approach. J Strength Cond Res 23: 2515–2523.
|
[15] | Jones AM (2006) The physiology of the world record holder for the women's marathon. Int J Sports Sci Coach 1: 101–116.
|
[16] | Billat VL, Demarle A, Slawinski A, Paiva M, Koralsztein JP (2001) Physical and training characteristics of top-class marathon runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 2089–2097.
|
[17] | Arrese LA, Izquierdo DM, Serveto Galindo JR (2005) Physiological measures associated with marathon running performance in high-level male and female homogeneous groups. Int J Sports Med 27: 289–295.
|
[18] | Margaria R, Cerretelli P, Aghemo P, Sassi G (1963) Energy cost of running. J Appl Physiol 18: 367–370.
|
[19] | Mayhew JL (1977) Oxygen cost and energy expenditure of running in trained runners. Br J Sports Med 11: 116–121.
|
[20] | Acheson KJ, Schutz Y, Bessard T, Anantharaman K, Flail JP, et al. (l988) Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. Am J Clin Nutr 48: 240–247.
|
[21] | Hultman E, Nilsson LH (1973) Liver glycogen content in man in the postabsorptive state. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 32: 17–23.
|
[22] | McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL (2010) Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, seventh edition.
|
[23] | Fairchild TJ, Fletcher S, Steele P, Goodman C, Dawson B, et al. (2002) Rapid carbohydrate loading after a short bout of near maximal-intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 980–986.
|
[24] | Romijn AJ, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, et al. (1993) Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol 265: E380–E391.
|
[25] | Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, fifth edition.
|
[26] | Karlsson J, Saltin B (1971) Diet, muscle glycogen, and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 31: 203–206.
|
[27] | Sabhapandit S, Majumdar SN, Redner S (2008) Crowding at the front of marathon packs. J Stat Mech arXiv 0802.1702v2.
|
[28] | American College of Sports Medicine (2000) Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, sixth edition.
|
[29] | Pollock ML (1973) The quantification of endurance training programs. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1: 155–188.
|
[30] | Arkinstall MJ, Bruce CR, Clark SA, Rickards CA, Burke LM, et al. (2004) Regulation of fuel metabolism by preexercise muscle glycogen content and exercise intensity. J Appl Physiol 97: 2275–2283.
|
[31] | Bosch AN, Dennis SC, Noakes TD (1993) Influence of carbohydrate loading on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 74: 1921–1927.
|
[32] | Tsintzas OK, Williams C, Boobis L, Greenhaff P (1996) Carbohydrate ingestion and single muscle fiber glycogen metabolism during prolonged running in men. J Appl Physiol 81: 801–809.
|
[33] | Thomas JE (1957) Mechanics and regulation of gastric emptying. Physiol Rev 37: 453–474.
|
[34] | Tsintzas K, Williams C (1998) Human muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: Effect of carbohydrate supplementation. Sports Med 25: 7–23.
|
[35] | Fox SM III, Haskell WL, Naughton JP (1971) Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Ann Clin Res 3: 404–432.
|
[36] | Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR (2001) Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 153–156.
|
[37] | Valentin J, editor. (2003) Basic Anatomical and Physiological Data for Use in Radiological Protection: Reference Values, volume 32 of Annals of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. New York: Pergamon Press.
|
[38] | Heymsfield SB, Smith R, Aulet M, Bensen B, Lichtman S, et al. (1990) Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: measurement by dual-photon absorptiometry. Am J Clin Nutr 52: 214–218.
|
[39] | Wang W, Wang Z, Faith MS, Kotler D, Shih R, et al. (1999) Regional skeletal muscle measurement: evaluation of new dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry model. J Appl Physiol 87: 1163–1171.
|
[40] | Levine JA, Abboud L, Barry M, Reed JE, Sheedy PF, et al. (2000) Measuring leg muscle and fat mass in humans: comparison of CT and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Appl Physiol 88: 452–456.
|
[41] | Nybo L (2003) CNS fatigue and prolonged exercise: Effect of glucose supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 589–594.
|
[42] | Kent-Braun JA (1999) Central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue in humans during sustained maximal effort. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 80: 57–63.
|
[43] | Brueckner JC, Atchou G, Capelli C, Duvallet A, Barrault D, et al. (1991) The energy cost of running increases with the distance covered. European J Appl Physiol 62: 385–389.
|
[44] | Golding LA (2000) YMCA Fitness Testing and Assessment Manual. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, fourth edition.
|