异质性电网工程项目的组织模式适应性构建研究
Research on Adaptive Construction of Organizational Models for Heterogeneous Power Grid Engineering Projects

在“双碳”目标驱动下，中国电网建设正经历从规模扩张向高质量发展的深刻转型，传统“一刀切”的工程组织模式已难以适应新型电力系统建设中日益突出的项目差异。本研究基于项目复杂性与协同治理相关理论，采用文献分析、政策文本分析和公开资料案例比较方法，从技术、环境和管理三个方面识别工程异质性，并将电网工程归纳为超高压及骨干输变电工程、中大型常规输变电工程、配电网与农网批次工程、特殊环境与高风险工程、新型电力系统配套工程五类理想类型。在此基础上，文章围绕责任链、计划链、质量安全链和数据链，讨论不同工程情境下合同安排、决策权配置和沟通机制的适配方式。研究认为，分类组织并非简单套用固定模式，而是依据主要约束选择治理主线，并结合项目阶段动态调整。该框架可为电网工程组织模式选择和跨主体协同提供分析工具，但其绩效效应仍需通过更多项目资料和定量研究进一步检验。
Driven by the “dual carbon” goal, China’s power grid construction is undergoing a profound transformation from scale expansion to high-quality development. The traditional “one-size-fits-all” engineering organization model is no longer suitable for the increasingly prominent project differences in the construction of new power systems. Based on the relevant theories of project complexity and collaborative governance, this study uses literature analysis, policy text analysis, and comparative analysis of publicly available case studies to identify engineering heterogeneity from three aspects: technology, environment, and management. Power grid engineering is categorized into five ideal types: ultra-high voltage and backbone transmission and transformation projects, medium- and large-scale conventional transmission and transformation projects, distribution network and rural power grid batch projects, special environment and high-risk projects, and supporting projects for new power systems. Building upon this foundation, the article discusses the adaptation of contract arrangements, decision-making authority allocation, and communication mechanisms under different engineering scenarios, focusing on the responsibility chain, planning chain, quality and safety chain, and data chain. The study argues that categorized organization is not simply about applying a fixed model, but rather about selecting the governance framework based on key constraints and dynamically adjusting it in conjunction with project phases. This framework can provide analytical tools for selecting organizational models and promoting cross-stakeholder collaboration in power grid engineering; however, its performance effects still require further verification through more project data and quantitative research.