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浮游植物碳、氮稳定同位素研究进展综述
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Abstract:
浮游植物是湖泊生态系统中重要的初级生产者，其碳、氮稳定同位素特征(δ13C, δ15N)能够综合反映碳氮来源、同化过程及环境变化对生态系统的影响，是解析湖泊物质循环与生态过程的重要手段。现有研究已从环境因子变化和藻类生理特征等方面探讨了浮游植物碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响机制，但对浮游植物群落结构差异在同位素变化中的作用认识仍相对不足。本文围绕浮游植物群落组成变化对δ13C与δ15N的影响机制，综合梳理并比较了国内外室内实验与野外观测研究成果，从光照、水温、溶解无机碳(DIC)、营养盐类型及藻类群落结构等方面系统总结了影响浮游植物稳定同位素特征的关键因素。重点讨论群落结构变动如何通过调节碳氮利用路径及分馏过程，驱动同位素信号的时空差异及其对环境变化的响应。该综述有助于深化对浮游植物稳定同位素生态指示意义的认识，并为湖泊碳、氮生物地球化学过程的研究提供新的整合视角。
Phytoplankton are key primary producers in lake ecosystems. Their carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N) integrate information on carbon and nitrogen sources, assimilation processes, and environmental influences, and thus serve as effective indicators for elucidating biogeochemical cycling and ecological processes in lakes. Existing studies have explored the mechanisms controlling carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation in phytoplankton from the perspectives of environmental drivers and algal physiological traits; however, the role of phytoplankton community structure in shaping stable isotope variability remains insufficiently understood. Focusing on the influence of community composition changes on phytoplankton δ13C and δ15N, this review synthesizes and compares evidence from laboratory experiments and field observations worldwide. Key factors regulating phytoplankton stable isotope signatures—including light availability, water temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nutrient forms, and phytoplankton community composition—are systematically summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on how shifts in community structure modulate carbon and nitrogen utilization pathways and isotopic fractionation processes, thereby driving the spatiotemporal variability of isotope signals and their responses to environmental change. This review advances the understanding of the ecological indicative significance of phytoplankton stable isotopes and provides an integrated perspective for future research on carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical processes in lake ecosystems.
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