高校医学生睡眠质量调查及影响因素分析——基于某高校的实证研究

目的：调查某高校医学生的睡眠质量及其可能的影响因素，为改善医学生的睡眠状况，提高医学生的睡眠质量提供科学依据。方法：采用便利抽样法，招募大一至大五医学生，使用自编人口学问卷、睡眠质量影响因素问卷及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)问卷进行横断面调查，使用SPSS 18.0对数据进行分析。结果：(1) 基本情况：共回收有效问卷375份，PSQI平均得分为6.45 ± 3.129，睡眠障碍发生率为33.1%。(2) 单因素分析结果表明人际关系、身体状况、生活满意度、学业压力、寝室睡眠环境满意度、自卑感、焦虑感、睡前吃宵夜及饮酒可能是总体睡眠质量的危险因素。(3) 二分类logistic回归分析的结果表明，生活满意度、寝室睡眠环境满意度、焦虑感、睡前吃宵夜可能是总体睡眠质量的独立危险因素，其OR值及95% CI依次为(1.688, 1.141~2.497)、(1.446, 1.076~1.942)、(1.510, 1.071~2.128)、(1.597, 1.126~2.098)。结论：该高校医学生的睡眠质量较差，且其主观生活满意度、寝室睡眠环境满意度、焦虑感、睡前吃宵夜，都会导致该高校医学生睡眠质量下降。
Objective: To investigate sleep quality and its potential determinants among medical undergraduates at a single university, so as to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving their sleep health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, first- to fifth-year medical students were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a self-designed demographic sheet, a sleep-influencing-factor questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0. Results: (1) A total of 375 valid questionnaires were returned. The mean PSQI global score was 6.45 ± 3.13, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 33.1%. (2) Univariate analyses suggested that interpersonal relationships, physical condition, life satisfaction, academic stress, dormitory sleep-environment satisfaction, feelings of inferiority, anxiety, late-night snacking, and alcohol consumption before bedtime were possible risk factors for overall sleep quality. (3) Binary logistic regression identified four independent predictors of poor sleep quality: lower life satisfaction (OR = 1.688, 95% CI: 1.141~2.497), lower dormitory sleep-environment satisfaction (OR = 1.446, 95% CI: 1.076~1.942), higher anxiety (OR = 1.510, 95% CI: 1.071~2.128), and late-night snacking (OR = 1.597, 95% CI: 1.126~2.098). Conclusion: Medical students at this university suffer from poor sleep quality. Lower life satisfaction, dissatisfaction with the dormitory sleep environment, anxiety, and late-night snacking are key modifiable factors contributing to their impaired sleep.