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改性纳米黑碳应用于钝化修复重金属污染土壤中的问题探讨

Keywords: 纳米黑碳,表面改性,土壤,重金属

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Abstract:

通过有关文献资料调研,综述纳米黑碳在钝化修复污染土壤中的应用,分析其应用于钝化修复重金属污染土壤时尚待弄清的几个问题。结果表明:(1)由于纳米黑碳是疏水的非极性吸附剂,选择纳米黑碳作为土壤重金属钝化修复剂时,需对其进行氧化改性,以进一步提高其钝化能力。目前常用的氧化剂为氧化性无机酸、酸性高锰酸钾、双氧水、臭氧等,强烈的氧化过程,会破坏纳米黑碳微孔结构,一定程度上降低其吸附量。(2)为了明确其应用的可能性和适用范围,需揭示改性纳米黑碳对土壤中重金属的钝化机理及其影响因素。土壤CEC、pH、重金属离子的性质等可能是影响改性纳米黑碳对土壤中重金属吸附性能的主要因素。(3)充分利用改性纳米黑碳在土壤修复中的有益作用的同时,还需考虑其可能存在的生态环境负面效应,研究其在土壤中的径流迁移、渗漏等,明确其污染地表水和地下水的可能性,研究其生物效应和将吸附钝化后的纳米黑碳从土壤中移除的可能性,明确其潜在的生态环境风险。

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