This paper presents a brief outline of the
development of bioremediation technologies (Microorganism remediation,
phytoremediation, animal remediation and other methods applied in
bioremediation.) applied at heavy metals, eutrophication, petroleum
spills, pesticide contamination and other organic pollutions in
water. Ecological relationships of microorganisms and contaminates were clearly
expressed here. And mechanisms and types (Phytoextraction, phytodegradation,
rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization) of phytoremediation
were fully discussed followed by animal remediation, which was not a popular
way of bioremediation for contamination. As for other ways of bioremediation,
such as addition of nutrient activators or surfactants, precipitation, ion
exchange et al was not a economical method, and cannot be utilized widely. The
main impact factors (e.g. biological factors, environmental factors,
pollutants), major advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation are
discussed. Numerous natural and man-caused factors, especially the evolution of
human industrial civilization and rapid progress of modern life, have polluted
abundant water resources. Lots of compounds that are considered to be hazardous
legally can be degraded by bioremediation. Residues of the treatment are
usually harmless products to environment. Bioremediation can be proved less
expensive than other technologies to clean contaminants. It also eliminates the
potential threats to human health and environment. In short, here an overview
of the recent status and potential areas of applications are sketched in this
paper.
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