Cadmium-Zinc interactions in a hydroponic system using Ceratophyllum demersum L.: adaptive ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular toxicology

the interaction between an essential micronutrient, zn and a toxic non-essential element, cd has been comprehensively reviewed based on our experiments conducted with ceratophyllum demersum l. in a hydroponic system. since cd and zn belong to the group iib transition elements and show similarities in chemistry, geochemistry and environmental properties, it would be one of the elemental pairs of choice to investigate metal-metal interactions. evidence in support of the protective role of zn against cd toxicity in ceratophyllum demersum l. is presented in this review. based on our experimental results, we conclude that the antioxidant properties of zn play an important role in counteracting cd toxicity.