HIV-1 subtypes and mutations associated to antiretroviral drug resistance in human isolates from Central Brazil

the detection of polymorphisms associated to hiv-1 drug-resistance and genetic subtypes is important for the control and treatment of hiv-1 disease. drug pressure selects resistant variants that carry mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase (rt) and protease (pr) genes. for a contribution to the public health authorities in planning the availability of therapeutic treatment, we therefore described the genetic variability, the prevalence of mutations associated to drug resistance and the antiretroviral resistance profile in hiv-1 isolates from infected individuals in central brazil. nineteen hiv-1 rna samples from a public health laboratory of the federal district were reversely transcribed and cdnas were amplified by nested pcr. one fragment of 297 bp coding the entire protease gene, and another of 647 bp, corresponding to the partial rt gene (codons 19-234), were obtained. automated sequencing and blast analysis revealed the presence of 17 b and 2 f1 hiv-1 subtypes. the amino acid sequences were analyzed for the presence of resistance-associated mutations. a total of 6 pr mutations, 2 major and 4 accessory, and 8 rt mutations related to drug resistance were found. our data suggest a high prevalence of hiv-1 b subtype in the studied population of federal district as well as the presence of genetically-resistant strains in individuals failing treatment.