Pressure Drop in Vertical Core-Annular Flow

an experimental apparatus for the study of core annular flows of heavy oil and water at room temperature has been set up and tested at laboratory scale. the test section consists of a 2.75 cm id galvanized steel pipe. tap water and a heavy oil (17.6 pa.s; 963 kg/m3) were used. pressure drop in a vertical upward test section was accurately measured for oil flow rates in the range 0.297 - 1.045 l/s and water flow rates ranging from 0.063 to 0.315 l/s. the oil-water input ratio was in the range 1-14. the measured pressure drop comprises gravitational and frictional parts. the gravitational pressure drop was expressed in terms of the volumetric fraction of the core, which was determined from a correlation developed by bannwart (1998b). the existence of an optimum water-oil input ratio for each oil flow rate was observed in the range 0.07 - 0.5. the frictional pressure drop was modeled to account for both hydrodynamic and net buoyancy effects on the core. the model was adjusted to fit our data and shows excellent agreement with data from another source (bai, 1995).