| [1] | Adaramola, S. (2025). Overcoming Technology Adoption Barriers in Property Management. Booking Ninjas. https://www.bookingninjas.com/blog/overcoming-technology-adoption-barriers-in-property-management
|
| [2] | Belsky, E. S., Goodman, J., & Drew, R. B. (2005). Middle Market Rentals Hiding in Plain Sight. Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University.
|
| [3] | Carrasco, I. (2025). Investing Education: The Next Multifamily Boom: Why Development Offers the Edge. Origin Investments. https://origininvestments.com/the-next-multifamily-boom-why-development-offers-the-edge/#:~:text=New%20Class%20A%20apartment%20communities,than%20building%20one%20from%20scratch
|
| [4] | Chen, J. (2023). Maintenance Expenses (Costs of Maintenance): Definition. Investopedia.com. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/maintenance-expenses.asp
|
| [5] | Cook, T. M., Rongerude, J., Mueller, E., & Kuhlmann, D. (2024). Providing Rental Housing: A Systematic Literature Review of Residential Rental Property Owner Decision Making. Journal of Planning Literature, 39, 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122241239571
|
| [6] | De Francesco, A. J., & Levy, D. (2017). Commercial Property Management: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 35, 62-77.
|
| [7] | Devos, E., & Rahman, S. (2014). Location and Lease Intensity. Journal of Corporate Finance, 29, 20-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.08.005
|
| [8] | Doyle, D. (2023). Navigating Technology, Staff Retention in Property Management. Multihousing News. https://www.multihousingnews.com/navigating-technology-staff-retention-in-property-management/
|
| [9] | Eisenberg, D., McAllister, P., & Warren-Myers, G. (2020). Property Management Structures and Performance in Real Estate Assets. Journal of European Real Estate Research, 13, 203-220.
|
| [10] | Evans, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Regulatory Challenges in Multifamily Housing Management. Housing Policy Debate, 31, 733-752.
|
| [11] | Freemark, Y. (2024). Research Report: Breaking Barriers to Affordable and Abundant Housing: A German-US Comparison of Publicly Led Development Projects. The Urban.org. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/breaking-barriers-affordable-and-abundant-housing#:~:text=Policymakers%20at%20many%20government%20levels,goal%20of%20accommodating%20new%20construction
|
| [12] | Gibler, K. M., & Chen, L. (2018). Commercial Lease Structures and Property Management Intensity. Journal of Property Research, 35, 307-326.
|
| [13] | Goodman, L., Choi, J. H., & Pang, D. (2021). The Pandemic Is Making It Difficult for Mom-and-Pop Landlords to Maintain Their Properties. Urban Wire. https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/pandemic-making-it-difficult-mom-and-pop-landlords-maintain-their-properties
|
| [14] | Gyourko, J. (2009). Understanding Commercial Real Estate: How Different from Housing Is It? The Journal of Portfolio Management, 35, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2009.35.5.023
|
| [15] | Han, L., & Strange, W. C. (2021). Tenant Turnover, Property Management, and Rental Market Dynamics. Real Estate Economics, 49, 925-957.
|
| [16] | Haughey, R. M. (2005). Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact. ULI—The Urban Land Institute.
|
| [17] | Kim, J., & Clayton, J. (2022). Property Management Efficiency and Scale in Multifamily Housing. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 65, 403-430.
|
| [18] | Litser, C. (2019). Property Management: The Looming Talent Gap in Property Management. Multifamily Executive. https://www.multifamilyexecutive.com/property-management/the-looming-talent-gap-in-property-management_o
|
| [19] | Marek, S., Robbins, J., Mendoza, E. M., & Payan, T. (2025). The Long-Term Impact of Trump’s Immigration Policies, Panel—What’s Next in Trump’s Immigration Strategy. Center for the US and Mexico, Baker Institute for Public Policy. https://www.bakerinstitute.org/event/long-term-impact-trumps-immigration-policies
|
| [20] | McElroy, K. (2014). The ABC’s of Property Management: What You Need to Know to Maximize Your Money Now. Rich Dad’s Advisors Series. RDA Press.
|
| [21] | Muczyński, A. (2023). Potential Impact of Property Management on the Market Value of Dwellings in Multi-Owned Housing Developments. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 38, 2207-2227.
|
| [22] | NAA Research (2025). Apartment Labor Market Dynamics Report: Q2 2025. National Apartment Association. https://naahq.org/news/apartment-labor-market-dynamics-report-q2-2025
|
| [23] | National Apartment Association (NAA) (2023). The Voice of the Property Manager: Assessing the State of Property Management. https://www.multifamilydive.com/news/property-managers-top-10-concerns-amenities-technology-NAA/643668/
|
| [24] | National Association of Realtors (NAR) (2025). America’s Housing Affordability Gap Persists: Households Earning $75,000 Annually Can Afford Less Than a Quarter of For-Sale Home Listings. https://www.nar.realtor/newsroom/americas-housing-affordability-gap-persists-households-earning-75000-annually-can-afford-less-than-a-quarter-of-for-sale-home-listings
|
| [25] | Price, J. H., & Murnan, J. (2023). Research Limitations and the Necessity of Reporting Them. American Journal of Health Education, 35, 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2004.10603611
|
| [26] | Primior Team (2024). Multifamily vs Industrial Real Estate: Which Investment Builds More Long-Term Wealth? Primior.com. https://primior.com/multifamily-vs-industrial-real-estate-which-investment-builds-more-long-term-wealth/#:~:text=Cash%20flow%20potential%20and%20predictability,Cost%20savings%20from%20operational%20scale
|
| [27] | Rental Housing Journal (2023). Management and Maintenance: Why Treating Maintenance Requests Quickly and Fairly Matters. https://rentalhousingjournal.com/why-treating-maintenance-requests-quickly-and-fairly-matters/
|
| [28] | Sainato, M. (2025). US Undocumented Farm Workers Feel ‘Hunted Like Animals’ amid Trump’s Immigration Raids. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jul/14/us-farm-workers-ice-raids
|
| [29] | Shen, J. (2023). The Value of Sustainable Property Management in Residential Real Estate. MIT Center for Real Estate. https://cre.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Responsible-Property-Management-MIT-Asia-Real-Estate-updated-Shen-Jianfu.pdf
|
| [30] | Suddaby, R. (2006). From the Editors: What Grounded Theory Is Not. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 633-642. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.22083020
|
| [31] | Then, D. S. S. (2005). A Proactive Property Management Model That Integrates Real Estate Provision and Facilities Services Management. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 9, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648715X.2005.9637524
|
| [32] | Weinstein, L. (2020). Multifamily Real Estate on Real Estate Industry: A Resource Guide. Library of Congress Research Guides. https://guides.loc.gov/srch.php?q=Multi-family+residential
|
| [33] | Zumbrun, J. (2023). How Severe Is the Housing Shortage? It Depends on How You Define ‘Shortage’. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/finance/how-severe-is-the-housing-shortage-it-depends-on-how-you-define-shortage-89cdbee7
|