Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence is on the rise globally. This article comprehensively reviews the treatment progress of T2DM, covering multiple aspects such as lifestyle interventions, drug therapy, surgical treatment, cell therapy and gene therapy, as well as other emerging treatment methods. It elaborates in detail on the action mechanisms, clinical application effects, advantages, and limitations of various treatment approaches, aiming to provide comprehensive treatment references for clinicians and promote the improvement of the treatment level of T2DM.
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