生态位建构视角下的乡村居民饮食体系研究——基于云南红河梯田社区的田野调查
Research on the Dietary System of Rural Residents from the Perspective of Ecological Niche Construction—Based on the Field Survey of Honghe Terrace Community in Yunnan Province

在全球化和现代化冲击传统饮食体系的背景下，本研究以云南红河哈尼梯田社区为田野案例，运用生态位建构理论，探讨乡村居民如何通过饮食实践与生态系统协同演化。研究采用参与观察、深度访谈、食物日志相结合的混合方法，揭示该社区“森林–村寨–梯田–水系”四素同构系统下饮食体系的三重建构机制：其一，生产性实践的空间嵌入，表现为垂直梯度稻鱼鸭共生系统实现物质闭合循环与生物多样性维护；其二，饮食禁忌的生态反馈，通过森林禁伐、物种禁食等文化约束，形成“实践–信仰–资源”的可持续调控；其三，知识调适的韧性路径，在代际断裂危机中，借助数字化传播与生态认证重构传统智慧，驱动户均。研究发现，外部工业化渗透导致梯田板结指数上升，但社区通过旅游活化与市场嵌入实现适应性转化，证实饮食体系作为“生态–文化–生计”协同体的动态韧性。通过社区赋权、生态价值链延伸与数字化知识库建设，使传统饮食体系成为乡村振兴的生态引擎，为全球可持续农业提供中国经验。
In the context of globalization and modernization impacting the traditional dietary system, this study takes the Hani terrace community in Honghe, Yunnan Province as a field case, and uses the theory of ecological niche construction to explore how rural residents can evolve together with the ecosystem through dietary practice. The study used a mixture of participating observation, in-depth interview and food log, to reveal the triple construction mechanism of the dietary system under the four-element homogeneous system of “forest-village-terrace-water system” in this community: First, spatial embedding of productive practices, the vertical gradient of rice, fish and duck symbiotic system to achieve material closure cycle and biodiversity maintenance; 10 Second course, ecological feedback of dietary taboos, through cultural constraints such as deforestation and species fasting, form the sustainable regulation of “practice-belief-resources”; third, there is no resilience path of knowledge adjustment. In the intergenerational fracture crisis, restructing traditional wisdom with digital communication and ecological certification, drives every household. The study found that the external industrial infiltration led to the increase of the terrace hardening index, but the community realized adaptive transformation through tourism activation and market embedding, which confirmed the dynamic resilience of the diet system as an “eco-culture-livelihood” synergy. Through community empowerment, extension of ecological value chain and construction of digital knowledge base, the traditional diet system will become an ecological engine of rural revitalization, providing Chinese experience for global sustainable agriculture.