《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中马克思政治哲学意蕴分析
An Analysis of the Implication of Marx’s Political Philosophy in Theses on Feuerbach

马克思主义政治哲学尚处于建设阶段，因此从马克思留下的著作之中提取内涵的政治哲学意蕴以建构马克思主义政治哲学是至关重要的。《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》不仅是马克思超越费尔巴哈哲学的标志，更是其政治哲学思想走向唯物史观的真正起点。这部笔记不仅正视了人的能动性，也将辩证法运用于社会批判理论之中，即不是以理论预设为人类社会找到合理性的前提，而是置于人类现实的社会生活之中，成为了新的开端。马克思在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中提出了“普遍的人的解放”，他认为这种解放不应该以本质预设的理论形态进行“解释”，而应该立足现实生活之中。基于此，马克思于《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中开启了唯物史观的新视野。
Marxist political philosophy is still in the construction stage, so it is very important to extract the connotation of political philosophy from the works left by Marx in order to construct Marxist political philosophy. Theses on Feuerbach is not only a sign that Marx surpasses Feuerbach’s philosophy, but also a real starting point for his political philosophy to move towards historical materialism. This note not only faces up to the initiative of human beings, but also applies dialectics to social critical theory, that is, it does not take theoretical presupposition as the premise for finding rationality in human society, but places it in the real social life of human beings and becomes a new beginning. Marx put forward “universal human emancipation” in “Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”. He thought that this emancipation should not be “explained” in the theoretical form of essential presupposition, but should be based on real life. Based on this, Marx opened a new vision of historical materialism in Theses on Feuerbach.