Background and Objectives: Postoperative complications (POCs) are new pathological phenomena occurring in the postoperative period and generally worsening the previous situation through their morbidity and mortality. We set ourselves the objective of determining overall mortality and prognostic factors associated with death due to early postoperative complications at the University Clinics of Kisanagani (CUKIS). Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the CUKIS, Department of Surgery from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2023. The target population consisted of all patients who had undergone full postoperative follow-up. A logistic regression model using software RStudio version 4.4.0 was used to determine factors predicting mortality due to early postoperative complications. Results: The prevalence of early POC was estimated at 35%, with surgical site infection being the most frequent POC at 45.3%. Of the 170 patients operated on who developed postoperative complications, 35 died, giving a mortality rate of 20.6%. After multivariate analysis using logistic regression, transfer as the mode of admission, previous laparotomy, preoperative diagnoses such as acute generalised peritonitis, intestinal occlusion, traumatic wound, diabetic foot and tumours were preoperative predictive factors associated with postoperative mortality, while surgery such as exploratory laparotomy and drug treatment with postoperative resuscitation were predictive factors of intraoperative and postoperative mortality. Conclusion: Certain factors can predict postoperative mortality. Knowledge of these factors can help practitioners to take useful measures before each operation on a patient with these factors, with a view to preventing mortality due to postoperative complications.
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