《民法典》债权人撤销权的构成要件与实现路径
The Constitutive Requirements and Implementation Path of Creditor’s Revocation Right in the Civil Code

《民法典》在《合同法》的基础上对债权人撤销权制度加以完善，值得肯定，但结合债权人撤销权制度的司法实践情况可以发现，该制度在构成要件、判决实现方面仍有待解释的问题。在客观要件方面，债权人的债权不限于金钱债权，也不排斥附有物的担保的债权，特定前提下债权人的债权也可以成立于债务人行为之后；对债务人的行为是否影响债权实现的判断，要将财产、基准时和交易方式纳入考量。在主观要件方面，债务人实施有偿行为时债权人行使撤销权要求债务人和相对人均有恶意，倘若债务人的诈害行为同时符合恶意串通和债权人撤销权制度的构成要件，债权人可以在制度之间进行选择。谈及债权人撤销权的实现路径，债权人撤销权可以强制执行，也可以与代位权同时行使。
On the basis of Contract Law, Civil Code improves the system of creditor’s right of revocation, which is worthy of affirmation. However, combined with the judicial practice of creditor’s right of revocation system, it can be found that there are still some problems to be explained in terms of the key components and the realization of judgment. In the aspect of objective components, the creditor’s rights are not limited to money claims, nor do they exclude the claims secured by things. Under specific conditions, the creditor’s rights can also be established after the debtor’s behavior. To judge whether the debtor’s behavior affects the realization of creditor’s rights, we should consider the property, benchmark time and transaction mode. In terms of subjective elements, when the debtor implements the paid act, the creditor’s exercise of the revocation right requires both the debtor and the relative to have bad faith. If the debtor’s fraudulent act meets the constitutive elements of the system of malicious collusion and creditor’s revocation right at the same time, the creditor can choose between the systems. When it comes to the realization path of the creditor’s revocation right, the creditor’s revocation right can be enforced or exercised simultaneously with the right of subrogation.