负压吸引技术在蛇咬伤创面治疗的研究进展
Research Progress of Negative Pressure Suction Technique in the Treatment of Snakebite Wound

蛇咬伤被世界卫生组织列为全世界最重要的死亡原因之一，受影响最严重的地区是东南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚。在全球范围内，每年报告的蛇咬伤病例在450万至540万之间，大约40万受影响的人永久残疾，报告的死亡人数在81,000至138,000人之间。传统的蛇咬伤治疗通常是抗蛇毒血清的应用，有关蛇咬伤创面的处理以局部清创为主，但对复杂创面及肢体的肿胀程度的缓解速度仍存在一定的局限性。近年来负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage, VSD)是作为一种新型创面治疗方法，广泛应用于各种难治性创面的治疗。在蛇咬伤创面的治疗过程中，VSD同样发挥了重要作用。本文聚焦VSD在蛇咬伤创面处理的最新研究趋势，重点阐述了VSD在蛇咬伤创面治疗中的应用，并综合分析了不同VSD应用方式的优劣，比较VSD在临床使用中的效果，及其在临床使用过程中的注意事项，旨在为临床工作者提供更为精准的诊疗依据。
Snake bites have been listed by the World Health Organization as one of the most significant causes of death worldwide, with the most severely affected regions being Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Globally, there are between 4.5 million and 5.4 million reported cases of snake bites annually, resulting in approximately 400,000 victims suffering permanent disabilities, while reported fatalities range from 81,000 to 138,000. Traditional snake bite treatment primarily involves antivenom administration and local wound debridement. However, these approaches still exhibit limitations in addressing complex wounds and accelerating the alleviation of limb swelling. In recent years, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) has emerged as a novel wound therapy and has been widely adopted in treating various refractory wounds. VSD has also demonstrated significant efficacy in managing snake bite wounds. This article focuses on the latest research trends in VSD application for snake bite wound management, elaborates on its clinical implementation, comprehensively analyzes the advantages and limitations of different VSD techniques, and compares its clinical effectiveness. Additionally, it highlights crucial considerations for clinical practice, aiming to provide healthcare professionals with more precise diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.