Assessing the Impact of Decentralization Policy on Governance Functions in Rwanda: A Comprehensive Review

Rwanda’s decentralization policy, initiated in 2000, was a pivotal response to the need for enhanced local governance and community engagement with instruments of power, voice, and accountability following the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. This policy aimed to foster democracy and improve service delivery by transferring authority and resources to local governments. Over the years, Rwanda has made significant strides in local governance, achieving over 80% citizen participation in local forums and improving gender representation. Establishing a multi-tiered local government structure has facilitated better service delivery in health, education, and infrastructure, promoting community ownership and accountability. Despite these achievements, Rwanda’s local governance faces several challenges, such as insufficient capacity and resources to address trending demands and inadequate infrastructure that limits the potential for efficient service delivery. Recently, an assessment was conducted by the Ministry of Local Government, and after reviewing several related documents and reports, the study suggests the following recommendations. These include improving training programs for local officials to develop practical governance skills, strengthening citizen engagement through awareness campaigns, and reviewing the Joint Action Development Forum (JADF) for better stakeholder collaboration. Furthermore, reassessing the organizational structure of local governments and revising revenue frameworks are also essential. In conclusion, while Rwanda’s decentralization efforts have led to notable improvements in governance and service delivery, achieving sustainable progress requires addressing ongoing challenges.