人物会话中违反合作原则的语言现象分析——以契诃夫的《苦恼》为例
An Analysis of Linguistic Phenomena Violating the Cooperative Principle in Character Conversation—An Example from Chekhov’s Misery

合作原则属于语用学的范畴，是美国语言学家保罗·格莱斯提出的理论，主要包括四条准则，分别是量准则、质准则、关系准则和方式准则。格莱斯的合作原则为人们从语言角度分析日常对话，揣摩人物心理以及探究文学作品提供了理论依据和研究视角。人们在生活中出于交际需要很难做到完全遵守合作原则，因而违反合作原则成为了人们在会话时表达个人想法和情感态度的特殊方式。契诃夫的短篇小说《苦恼》中包含大量的人物对话。为进一步解读小说，本文将以格莱斯的合作原则为理论基础，从违反合作原则的角度分析《苦恼》中的人物对话，探究由此产生的文学艺术效果，揭示小说的核心主旨，拓宽文学作品的解读路径，加深读者对小说的进一步理解。
The Cooperative Principle belongs to the category of pragmatics, a theory put forward by the American linguist Paul Grice, which consists of four main guidelines, namely Quantity Maxim, Quality Maxim, Relevant Maxim and Manner Maxim. Grice’s Cooperative Principle provides a theoretical basis and research perspective for people to analyze daily conversations from a linguistic point of view, to figure out the psychology of characters as well as to explore literary works. It is difficult for people to fully comply with the Cooperative Principle in life out of the need for communication, thus violating the Cooperative Principle has become a special way for people to express their personal thoughts and emotional attitudes during conversations. Chekhov’s short story Misery contains a large number of character dialogues. In order to further interpret the novel, this paper will take Grice’s Cooperative Principle as the theoretical basis, analyze the characters’ dialogues in Misery from the perspective of violating the Cooperative Principle, explore the literary and artistic effects thus produced, reveal the core theme of the novel, broaden the path of interpretation of the literary work, and deepen the readers’ further understanding of the novel.