我国轻罪犯罪记录封存制度的构建研究
Research on Construction of China’s Misdemeanor Criminal Record Sealing System

轻罪的范围认定是适用轻罪犯罪记录封存制度的前提，形式标准说中的法定刑标准利于公检法机关对轻罪的统一认定，可操作性较强，轻罪应当是法定最高刑为三年以下有期徒刑的犯罪。前科制度的“异化”、犯罪附随后果的存在以及前科制度带有的“株连”属性给行为人回归社会制造过多的成本，轻罪犯罪记录封存制度是解决前科制度和犯罪附随后果既有缺陷的有力措施，利于实现刑法的预防目的，符合中国式现代化治理的理念，在其构建的过程中，我国的刑事政策、司法理念、域外的犯罪记录封存制度经验以及既有的未成年人犯罪记录封存制度为该制度的构建提供了有利条件，轻罪犯罪记录封存制度的构建需要从适用范围、启动程序、查询及评价制度、解除程序、监督救济机制、与实体法的法律衔接等方面来考量。
The scope of misdemeanor is the prerequisite for the application of misdemeanor criminal record sealing system, the legal penalty standard in the formal standard is conducive to the unified determination of misdemeanor by the public prosecution and law enforcement authorities, which is more operable, and the misdemeanor should be the crime with the statutory maximum penalty of less than three years’ fixed-term imprisonment. The “alienation” of the previous conviction system, the existence of the consequences attached to the crime and the “guilt by association” attribute of the previous conviction system create excessive costs for the return of the perpetrator to society, and the system of sealing the criminal record of misdemeanors is a powerful measure for solving the deficiencies of the previous conviction system and the consequences of the crime, and is conducive to the realization of the prevention of criminal law. In the process of its construction, China’s criminal policy, judicial philosophy, the experience of overseas criminal record sealing system and the existing juvenile criminal record sealing system provide favorable conditions for the construction of the system. The construction of the misdemeanor criminal record sealing system needs to be based on the scope of application, initiation procedure, enquiry and evaluation system, The construction of the misdemeanor criminal record sealing system needs to be considered in terms of the scope of application, the initiation procedure, the inquiry and evaluation system, the lifting procedure, the supervision and relief mechanism, and the legal connection with the substantive law.