人性与自由：萨特与马尔库塞哲学思想的比较性探究
Human Nature and Freedom: A Comparative Study of Sartre and Marcuse’s Philosophical Thoughts

萨特从人的主观性出发，用自由来取代上帝，为人类争取自身的主体地位，从而论证人的绝对自由。在他的体系里，人的存在要从人和世界的关系来进行把握，人即希望得到自为的绝对自由，又想从自在世界寻找到一直稳定性。由于两者自身的界限，人因此陷入了绝望和痛苦中。而马尔库塞结合马克思和弗洛伊姆的理论，从对现实社会的批判中，将爱欲的解放同现实的革命相结合，以期建立一个人类互爱互亲的乌托邦社会。他们的人性论发展逻辑，丰富了现代西方哲学上对人性与自由的探讨。
Sartre starts from the subjectivity of human beings, replaces God with freedom, and strives for human subjectivity, thus demonstrating the absolute freedom of human beings. In his system, human existence needs to be grasped from the relationship between humans and the world. Humans both hope to obtain absolute freedom for themselves and seek stability in the free world. Due to the inherent boundaries between the two, people are plunged into despair and pain. By combining the theories of Marx and Fromm, Marcuse combined the liberation of love and desire with the revolution of reality in his criticism of the real society, in order to establish a utopian society of mutual love and affection among humans. Their development logic of human nature theory has enriched the exploration of human nature and freedom in modern Western philosophy.