睡眠障碍在ICU患者中的发生率及其影响因素分析
The Incidence and Influencing Factors of Sleep Disorders in ICU Patients

目的：本研究旨在分析ICU患者睡眠障碍的发生率及其相关影响因素，探索影响ICU患者睡眠质量的关键因素，为改善ICU护理质量提供理论依据和实践指导。方法：采用简单随机抽样方法选取120例ICU患者作为研究对象，评估其睡眠质量。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)进行睡眠质量评估，并通过问卷调查收集患者的基本信息、疼痛严重度、心理状态、使用镇痛药物情况、环境噪音、光照条件及护理干预频繁等因素的数据。单因素分析用于识别影响睡眠障碍的相关因素，进一步通过多元线性回归分析评估各因素对ICU患者睡眠质量的影响。结果：研究结果表明，ICU患者中，35%的患者PSQI得分介于11~15分，20%的患者得分超过16分，显示睡眠质量较差。单因素分析显示，使用镇痛药物、疼痛严重度、心理状态、环境噪音、光照条件和护理干预频繁等因素均显著影响睡眠质量(p < 0.05)。回归分析进一步确认，疼痛严重度、心理状态和环境噪音对睡眠质量有显著预测作用。使用镇痛药物的患者睡眠质量较好，而疼痛较重和心理状态较差的患者睡眠质量较差。结论：ICU患者的睡眠障碍发生率较高，疼痛管理、心理干预和环境优化是改善睡眠质量的关键因素。
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of sleep disorders and related influencing factors in ICU patients, explore the key factors affecting the sleep quality of ICU patients, and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the quality of ICU care. Methods: 120 ICU patients were selected by simple random sampling to evaluate their sleep quality. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, and the data of patients' basic information, pain severity, psychological status, use of analgesic drugs, environmental noise, light conditions and frequency of nursing intervention were collected through questionnaires. Single factor analysis was used to identify related factors affecting sleep disorders, and the influence of each factor on sleep quality of ICU patients was further evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that 35% of patients in the ICU had PSQI scores ranging from 11 to 15, and 20% scored more than 16, indicating poor sleep quality. Univariate analysis showed that the use of analgesic drugs, pain severity, psychological state, environmental noise, light conditions and frequent nursing intervention had significant effects on sleep quality (p < 0.05). Regression analysis further confirmed that pain severity, mental state and environmental noise were significant predictors of sleep quality. Patients using analgesic drugs had better sleep quality, while those with more pain and poor mental state had worse sleep quality. Conclusion: The incidence of sleep disorders is high in ICU patients. Pain management, psychological intervention, and environmental optimization are the key factors that improve sleep quality.