社会性别视域下农村留守妇女心理问题研究
Research on Psychological Problems of Rural Left-Behind Women from the Perspective of Social Gender

在农村地区，囿于大众的受教育程度，多数人认为妇女的社会性别角色与传统观念是紧密相连的，“男主外，女主内”这在一定程度上影响了农村留守妇女在家庭、社区以及社会中的地位和权利。农村青壮年劳动力外出务工的同时，留守在家的妇女不仅仅要照顾老人、孩子，也承担了一部分乡村生活中丈夫对外的责任。本文通过实地调查和深度访谈法，揭示了X村农村妇女在社会性别角色下的多重负担，以及她们在维护家庭和社会地位中的往往不为大众所注意的重要作用，探讨社会性别视域下农村妇女的心理状况，分析她们经由个人权益、经济条件、婚姻生活、受教育程度、心理健康知识缺乏而导致出现的敌对、自卑与焦虑、孤独感、无力感与抑郁等心理健康问题，并提出完善制度保障个人权益、实施多元的扶贫策略、强化婚姻保护、开展妇女继续教育、加强基层医疗机构建设的措施，以改善农村妇女的心理健康状况进而为促进农村妇女地位的提升做出一定的贡献。
In rural areas, due to the general level of education, most people believe that the social gender roles of women are closely tied to traditional concepts. The prevailing notion of “men working outside and women managing the household” significantly influences the status and rights of rural left-behind women within their families, communities, and society at large. As young labor forces migrate for work, the women left at home not only take care of the elderly and children but also shoulder some responsibilities traditionally assigned to their husbands, particularly those related to external affairs of rural life. This article employs field surveys and in-depth interviews to reveal the multiple burdens faced by rural women in X Village under social gender roles, highlighting their often-overlooked yet crucial role in maintaining family and social status. It explores the psychological state of rural women from a gender perspective, analyzing the psychological health issues that arise due to factors such as individual rights, economic conditions, marital life, educational attainment, and a lack of mental health knowledge. These issues manifest as hostility, feelings of inferiority and anxiety, loneliness, powerlessness, and depression. In response, the article proposes measures to improve the mental health of rural women and contribute to enhancing their social status, these measures including the establishment of comprehensive institutional safeguards for personal rights, the implementation of diverse poverty alleviation strategies, the strengthening of marriage protection, the promotion of continuing education for women, and the enhancement of grassroots healthcare facilities.