《逍遥游》之“无待”探赜
An Exploration of the Thought of “No Waiting” in “Carefree Travel”

《逍遥游》作为《庄子》内篇的首篇，精妙地阐述了庄子对自由的哲学追求。文章开篇即通过“小大之辩”在时空维度上揭示了万物存在的相对性和依赖性，指出物之有待。继而，庄子通过宋荣子、列子等人物形象，进一步展示了人之有待，即人类在社会中的局限性。在深刻洞察的基础上，庄子提出了“无己无功无名”的无待哲学，主张超越个人的私欲、功利和名誉，达到精神上的自由。这种自由是内心的超然与自在，不是无目的的放任，而是基于对世间规律的深刻认识。庄子的“逍遥游”不仅是个体心灵的归宿，也是对人生意义和价值的反思，引领人们在纷扰世界中寻找超脱之道，实现精神自由的至高境界。
“Carefree Travel” as the inaugural chapter of the Inner Chapters of “Zhuangzi”, exquisitely elaborates on Zhuangzi's philosophical pursuit of freedom. The text begins by employing the “debate of the small and the great” to reveal the relativity and dependency of all things, existence in the dimensions of time and space, pointing out the contingency of things. Subsequently, Zhuangzi utilizes the figures of Song Rongzi and Liezi to further illustrate the contingency of humans, that is, the limitations of human beings in society. Based on profound insight, Zhuangzi proposes the philosophy of “no-self, no-merit, no-fame,” advocating the transcendence of personal desires, utilitarianism, and reputation to achieve spiritual freedom. This kind of freedom is an inner detachment and ease, not purposeless indulgence but is founded on a deep understanding of the laws of the world. Zhuangzi's “Carefree Travel” is not only the destination of the individual soul but also a reflection on the meaning and value of life, guiding people to seek the path of transcendence amidst a tumultuous world and to realize the supreme state of spiritual freedom.