马克思博士论文中的哲学思想
The Philosophical Ideas in Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation

马克思在其博士论文中提到他“已经解决了一个在希腊哲学史上至今尚未解决的问题”，这个问题打破了前人对于伊壁鸠鲁原子论的认知，他站在现代人的视角，看到了伊壁鸠鲁哲学中的自我意识思想，从原子的偏斜与碰撞发现了自由和唯物主义的萌芽，从追求内心的宁静反驳宗教权威。马克思的这一发现不仅进一步表明了他早期的唯物主义的萌芽，更是他摆脱青年黑格尔派唯心主义的前兆。人们认为黑格尔，费尔巴哈，康德，等是当时最重要的哲学家，所以他们就把马克思哲学与德意志意识形态和前人哲学联系起来，而很少有研究者想到伊壁鸠鲁哲学。
In his doctoral thesis, Marx mentioned that he “had solved a problem in Greek philosophical history that had not yet been solved,” which broke through the previous understanding of Epicurus’ atomism. Standing from the perspective of modern people, he saw the self-consciousness thought in Epicurus’ philosophy, discovered the germ of freedom and materialism from the inclination and collision of atoms, and refuted religious authority by pursuing inner tranquility. Marx’s discovery further not only demonstrated the early germ of his materialism, but also was a precursor of his breaking away from the young Hegelian idealism. People believed that Hegel, Feuerbach, Kant, and others were the most important philosophers of their time, so they linked Marxist philosophy with German ideology and previous philosophy, while few researchers thought of Epicurean philosophy.