马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第十与第十一条辨析
Analysis of Articles 10 and 11 of Marx’s “Theses on Feuerbach”

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》作为《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《德意志意识形态》之间的过渡之作，以批判费尔巴哈旧唯物主义、忽视社会实践、抽象、强调实践意义为基础，被视为马克思主义唯物史观形成的基本标志。文章第10条“旧唯物主义的立脚点是市民社会，新唯物主义的立脚点是人类社会或社会的人类”是全文的关键，而第11条则阐释了“解释世界”与“改造世界”的关系，第一次确立了实践在马克思主义哲学中的重要地位。
“The Theses on Feuerbach”, as a transitional work between the “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” and the “German Ideology”, is based on criticizing Feuerbach’s old materialism, neglecting social practice, abstraction, and emphasizing practical significance. It is regarded as a fundamental symbol of the formation of Marxist materialist conception of history. The key point of the entire article is Article 10, which states that the foundation of old materialism is civil society, while the foundation of new materialism is human society or the humanity of society. Article 11 explains the relationship between “explaining the world” and “transforming the world”, establishing for the first time the important position of practice in Marxist philosophy.