黑格尔个人自由理论中的私有财产逻辑与马克思的批判性重构
The Logic of Private Property in Hegel’s Theory of Individual Freedom and Marx’s Critical Reconstruction

自由概念不仅是资产阶级革命理念的核心理念之一，也是马克思所追求的未来社会主义与共产主义社会的核心价值观的重要组成部分。黑格尔从自由意志出发的推论为个人私有财产权的合法性提供了理论依据，而马克思则从现实社会的经济关系出发对自由的内涵进行了阐释。由于研究方法的不同，马克思与黑格尔在关于人的自由与其私有财产所有权之间关系的理解上存在分歧。尽管如此，两位思想家都对私有财产的结构及其合法性进行了深刻探讨。本文旨在依托黑格尔的《权利哲学要素》与马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》两部著作，分析黑格尔对私有财产的论证逻辑，并探讨马克思对此提出的批判性见解。
The concept of freedom is not only one of the core concepts of the bourgeois revolutionary philosophy, but also an important part of the core values of the future socialist and communist societies pursued by Marx. Hegel’s inference from free will provides a theoretical basis for the legitimacy of individual private property rights, while Marx elaborates on the connotation of freedom from the economic relations of the real society. Due to differences in research methodology, Marx and Hegel diverged in their understanding of the relationship between human freedom and private property ownership. Nevertheless, both thinkers have deeply explored the structure of private property and its legitimacy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the logic of Hegel’s argument for private property and to explore the critical insights that Marx offers about it, relying on both Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right and Marx’s Philosophical Manuscripts of Economics of 1844.