思维可视化技术：思维导图与概念图
Mind Visualization Techniques: Mind Mapping and Concept Mapping

思维可视化技术能有效促进思维发展与知识整理，教育领域常使用思维导图、概念图帮助学习者发散思维或知识整理。思维导图有助于促进发散思维，其特质为图“导”思维，即借助“图”绘制技巧和准则促进大脑发展“思维”。概念图侧重于通过概括性连接词和结构化布局整理知识，其特质在于图“概”知识。在教育领域应用时，二者在在绘图要求、发挥作用的时段、评价标准等方面存在差异。思维导图侧重绘制过程，呈现的“图”形式丰富、个人特色鲜明；概念图注重绘制成果，呈现的“图”要求清晰准确。具体在教育中应用时可根据需要结合两者特质来使用。
Mind visualization techniques, such as mind mapping and concept mapping, improve cognitive development and knowledge organization. In educational settings, learners use these tools to visually organize and connect ideas, leading to a deeper understanding of concepts. Mind maps promote divergent thinking by visually guiding thought processes. The distinctive feature of mind maps lies in how they leverage graphic skills and guidelines to foster the brain’s capacity for thinking. Concept maps summarize knowledge through the use of linking words and structured layouts. Their characteristic is in their ability to “summarize” knowledge. When applied in educational contexts, there are notable differences between the two in terms of drawing requirements, the phases during which they are most effective, and evaluation criteria. Mind maps often use colors, images, and keywords to visually represent ideas, while concept maps use linking words and structured layouts to summarize knowledge. Mind maps promote divergent thinking, while concept maps promote convergent thinking. When specifically applied in education, they can be used in combination according to their respective characteristics as needed.