宫颈癌患者围手术期症状体验及未满足需求的质性研究
Qualitative Study on Perioperative Symptom Experience and Unmet Needs of Patients with Early Cervical Cancer

目的：深入探究宫颈癌患者围手术期症状群真实体验、核心症状群困扰及其对症状群管理的需求，分析患者未需求的需求类别和主题，为后续针对性制定症状群干预措施提供参考依据，以帮助患者减轻痛苦及负担。方法：采用现象学研究法，对15例宫颈癌患者进行半结构式访谈，运用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果：宫颈癌患者术前3天主题：核心症状为饮食习惯的改变、睡眠不安；未满足需求为情感需求、信息需求、照护需求、应对消极情绪的需求；宫颈癌患者术后3天主题：核心症状为疼痛、乏力、睡眠不安、腹胀、胸闷、胃口差；未满足需求有信息需求、情感需求；出院前3天主题：核心症状为担忧术后夫妻生活及自我形象改变；未满足需求有工作需求、延续护理需求、支持性照护需求、创伤后成长。结论：宫颈癌患者围手术期面临多方面的症状困扰及未满足需求，医护人员在患者住院期应全程及时对患者出现的症状及未满足需求进行有效的评估和干预，针对性采取措施改善患者的症状感受及满足患者的未满足需求并促进患者情绪的正向转变，最终改善患者的身心健康，提高其生活质量。
Objective: To explore the real experience of perioperative symptom cluster, the distress of core symptom cluster and the demand for symptom cluster management of cervical cancer patients and analyze the categories and themes of patients’ unneeded needs, so as to provide a reference for the follow-up development of targeted intervention measures for symptom cluster, so as to help patients reduce their pain and burden. Methods: Phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews on 15 patients with cervical cancer. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The theme of cervical cancer patients 3 days before surgery: the core symptoms are the change of eating habits, sleep disturbance; the unmet needs are emotional needs, information needs, care needs, and needs to cope with negative emotions. Topic: The core symptoms were pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, abdominal distension, chest tightness, and poor appetite. Unmet needs include information needs and emotional needs. The theme of three days before discharge: the core symptoms were worry about the postoperative life of the couple and self-image change. Unmet needs include work needs, continuing care needs, supportive care needs, and post-traumatic growth. Conclusions: Cervical cancer patients perioperative facing various symptom distress and unmet needs, health care workers in patients hospitalized period should be timely to conduct effective assessment and intervention on the patient’s symptoms and take targeted measures to improve the symptoms of the patients, meet the unmet needs of the patients and promote the positive change of the patients’ emotions. Finally improve the physical and mental health of patients, improve their quality of life.