2021年兴安盟中小学生常见病监测结果分析
Analysis of Monitoring Results of Common Diseases among Primary and Secondary School Students in Hinggan League in 2021

通过了解兴安盟不同民族中小学生近视、龋齿等主要常见病患病情况，为当地中小学生常见病的防控工作提供科学依据。本研究于2021年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取兴安盟6个市旗县共30所学校的学生展开调查，每所学校分别在每个年级至少抽取80名学生，对其健康检查结果进行统计分析。共监测学生9939人，学生常见病检出率由高到低分别为龋齿65.2%，近视50.7%，肥胖21.8%，血压偏高18.0%，营养不良4.7%，脊柱弯曲0.7%。除营养不良外，其他学生5种常见病在不同学段差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。除脊柱弯曲外，其他学生5种常见病在男女生中差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。近视、龋齿、肥胖、血压偏高在蒙、汉俩族中差异具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。此次研究发现兴安盟学生龋齿、近视、肥胖等常见病检出率较高，建议有关部门应采取相对应的干预措施，预防并控制学生常见病的发生。
Through understanding the prevalence of common diseases such as myopia and dental caries among different ethnic groups of primary and middle school students in Hinggan League, a scientific basis is provided for the prevention and control of common diseases among local primary and middle school students. This study, conducted in 2021, used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select students from 30 schools in 6 cities and counties of Hinggan League for investigation. At least 80 students were selected from each grade of each school, and their health examination results were statistically analyzed. A total of 9939 students were monitored, and the detection rates of common diseases among students were ranked from high to low as follows: dental caries 65.2%, myopia 50.7%, obesity 21.8%, high blood pressure 18.0%, malnutrition 4.7%, and spinal curvature 0.7%. Except for malnutrition, statistically significant differences were found among the prevalence of the other five common diseases in different grade levels (all P < 0.05). Except for spinal curvature, statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of the other five common diseases between male and female students (all P < 0.05). The differences in myopia, dental caries, obesity, and high blood pressure between Mongolian and Han ethnic groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). This study found a high prevalence of dental caries, myopia, and obesity among students in Hinggan League, suggesting that relevant departments should take corresponding intervention measures to prevent and control the occurrence of common diseases among students.