洛克《政府论》的法治思想及其启发意义
Locke’s Thought on the Rule of Law in “Second Treatise of Government” and Its Inspiring Significance

约翰·洛克是近代自由启蒙思想的代表人物，其著作《政府论》主要探究政府的起源、范围和目的，同时也是关于法律的起源、立法权的确立及其限制等法治思想的系统阐述。洛克法治思想的主要内容包括权力在民、法律至上、人人平等、分权制衡等内容；洛克的人权观有丰富的内涵：生命权是人权的基础，自由权是人权的本质，财产权是人权的保障，三者有机统一，缺一不可；为了运用法律制度有效维护人权，洛克提供了系统的理论思考和制度创新建议，其深邃的思想对于人类历史进程起了积极的推动作用，在当今对于如何理解法治理念及其制度安排依然具有启发意义。
John Locke is a representative figure of modern liberal enlightenment thought. His work “Second Treatise of Government” mainly explores the origin, scope, and purpose of government, and is also a systematic exposition of the rule of law ideas such as the origin of law, the establishment of legislative power, and its limitations. The main content of Locke’s rule of law ideology includes power from the people, equality for all, the supremacy of the law, and the separation of powers and checks and balances; Locke’s view on human rights has rich connotations: the right to life is the foundation of human rights, the right to freedom is the essence of human rights, and property rights are the guarantee of human rights. The three are organically unified and indispensable; In order to effectively safeguard human rights through the use of legal systems, Locke provided systematic theoretical thinking and institutional innovation suggestions. His profound ideas have played a positive role in promoting the process of human history, and are still inspiring in today’s understanding of the concept of the rule of law and its institutional arrangements.