全国基层医疗卫生资源区域性配置差异研究
Research on Regional Allocation Differences of Grassroots Medical and Health Resources in China

目的：通过分析2022年全国31个省份的最新数据，本研究旨在揭示中国基层医疗卫生资源在不同区域间的差异，并探索促进资源均衡配置的可行策略。方法：选取六项关键卫生资源配置指标，运用SPSS 27软件执行因子分析，构建一个全面的评价模型。依据模型生成的因子得分与总分，本研究对中国各个地区的医疗卫生资源配置状况进行了全面的评估。结果：研究发现不同省份间的评分最大差异达到2.96点，揭示出基层医疗卫生资源在不同区域之间的配置具有显著性差异。基层医疗机构和人员数量的地区不均衡是限制服务能力的关键因素，尽管病床配置的区域差异相对较小，仍需要进一步改善。结论：缩减基层医疗服务的区域差距并提升服务公平性的策略包括：激励与培养基层医疗人才，提升基层服务能力和认可度；优化基层医疗机构的布局，强化医疗卫生资源的区域平衡监管机制；科学规划病床配置，促进医疗资源共享与高效利用；改善基层医疗卫生金融和保险机制，促进地区间医疗卫生服务供需均衡。
Objective: By analyzing the latest data from 31 provinces in China in 2022, this study aims to reveal the differences in primary healthcare resources among different regions and explore feasible strategies to promote balanced resource allocation. Method: Six key health resource allocation indicators were selected, and factor analysis was performed using SPSS 27 software to construct a comprehensive evaluation model. Based on the factor scores and total scores generated by the model, this study comprehensively evaluated the allocation of medical and health resources in various regions of China. Result: The study found that the maximum difference in scores between different provinces reached 2.96 points, revealing significant differences in the allocation of grassroots medical and health resources among different regions. The regional imbalance in the number of primary medical institutions and personnel is a key factor limiting service capacity, although the regional differences in bed allocation are relatively small, further improvement is still needed. Conclusion: Strategies to reduce regional disparities in primary healthcare services and improve service fairness include: motivating and cultivating primary healthcare talents, enhancing grassroots service capabilities and recognition; optimize the layout of grassroots medical institutions and strengthen the regional balance supervision mechanism of medical and health resources; Scientific planning of hospital bed configuration, promoting the sharing and efficient utilization of medical resources; Improve the financial and insurance mechanisms for grassroots healthcare, and promote the balance of supply and demand of healthcare services between regions.