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趋近–回避冲突的研究进展及展望
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Abstract:
接近积极刺激，避免消极刺激是人和动物在进化过程中所保留的行为倾向，有利于个体的生存和发展。无法保持趋近与回避之间的动态平衡可能会引发包括焦虑、抑郁在内的多种精神障碍。趋近–回避既可以是一种个体的自动化倾向，也可以通过实验范式对其进行测量。本文对目前有关趋近–回避冲突的研究进行了回顾和梳理，整理了相应的实验范式，讨论其可能的神经基础。目前已有的研究显示有关趋近–回避冲突的结果缺乏一致性。未来应丰富趋近–回避冲突研究，尝试构建标准化范式，注重对趋近–回避冲突神经机制的探索以及理论与临床应用的结合。
Approaching positive stimuli and avoiding negative stimuli are behavior tendencies that humans and animals have retained throughout the process of evolution, which are beneficial for the survival and development of individuals. The inability to maintain a dynamic balance between approach and avoidance may lead to various mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. Both approach and avoidance can manifest as an individual’s automatic inclination and can be assessed through experimental paradigms. The present paper provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of current research on approach-avoidance conflicts, systematically categorizes corresponding experimental paradigms, and explores the potential neural bases. Current research has shown inconsistent results regarding approach-avoidance conflicts. In the future, there should be efforts to enrich approach-avoidance conflict studies, attempt to establish standard paradigms, focus on exploring the neural mechanisms of approach-avoidance conflicts, and integrate theory with clinical applications.
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